Literature DB >> 24454148

Revision of the Li13Si4 structure.

Michael Zeilinger1, Thomas F Fässler1.   

Abstract

Besides Li17Si4, Li16.42Si4, and Li15Si4, another lithium-rich representative in the Li-Si system is the phase Li13Si4 (trideca-lithium tetra-silicide), the structure of which has been determined previously [Frank et al. (1975 ▶). Z. Naturforsch. Teil B, 30, 10-13]. A careful analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns of Li13Si4 revealed discrepancies between experimentally observed and calculated Bragg positions. Therefore, we redetermined the structure of Li13Si4 on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Compared to the previous structure report, decisive differences are (i) the introduction of a split position for one Li site [occupancy ratio 0.838 (7):0.162 (7)], (ii) the anisotropic refinement of atomic displacement parameters for all atoms, and (iii) a high accuracy of atom positions and unit-cell parameters. The asymmetric unit of Li13Si4 contains two Si and seven Li atoms. Except for one Li atom situated on a site with symmetry 2/m, all other atoms are on mirror planes. The structure consists of isolated Si atoms as well as Si-Si dumbbells surrounded by Li atoms. Each Si atom is either 12- or 13-coordinated. The isolated Si atoms are situated in the ab plane at z = 0 and are strictly separated from the Si-Si dumbbells at z = 0.5.

Entities:  

Year:  2013        PMID: 24454148      PMCID: PMC3884973          DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813029759

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online        ISSN: 1600-5368


Related literature

For details of the structural description of Li13Si4, see: Frank et al. (1975 ▶). For structural data for Li13Si4 based on computational methods, see: Chevrier et al. (2010 ▶). For details of the synthesis, thermodynamic properties and crystal structures of Li17Si4, Li16.42Si4 and Li15Si4, see: Zeilinger & Benson et al. (2013 ▶); Zeilinger & Kurylyshyn et al. (2013 ▶); Zeilinger & Baran et al. (2013 ▶). For further thermodynamic investigations on the Li–Si system, see: Thomas et al. (2013 ▶); Wang et al. (2013 ▶). The behavior of silicon as anode material upon li­thia­tion/deli­thia­tion is described by Limthongkul et al. (2003 ▶) and Obrovac & Christensen (2004 ▶). For in-situ/ex-situ solid state NMR investigations of structural changes in silicon electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, see: Key et al. (2009 ▶, 2011 ▶).

Experimental

Crystal data

Li13Si4 M = 202.58 Orthorhombic, a = 7.9488 (4) Å b = 15.1248 (8) Å c = 4.4661 (2) Å V = 536.93 (5) Å3 Z = 2 Mo Kα radiation μ = 0.47 mm−1 T = 100 K 0.2 × 0.2 × 0.2 mm

Data collection

Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2008 ▶) T min = 0.781, T max = 0.818 25938 measured reflections 2429 independent reflections 2333 reflections with I > 2σ(I) R int = 0.033

Refinement

R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)] = 0.015 wR(F 2) = 0.044 S = 1.08 2429 reflections 60 parameters Δρmax = 0.68 e Å−3 Δρmin = −0.40 e Å−3 Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2008 ▶); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2008 ▶); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▶); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▶); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2012 ▶); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ▶). Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) global, I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813029759/wm2778sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813029759/wm2778Isup2.hkl Additional supplementary materials: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
Li13Si4Dx = 1.253 Mg m3
Mr = 202.58Melting point: 995 K
Orthorhombic, PbamMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2 2abCell parameters from 9823 reflections
a = 7.9488 (4) Åθ = 2.9–57.3°
b = 15.1248 (8) ŵ = 0.47 mm1
c = 4.4661 (2) ÅT = 100 K
V = 536.93 (5) Å3Block, metallic silver
Z = 20.2 × 0.2 × 0.2 mm
F(000) = 190
Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer2429 independent reflections
Radiation source: rotating anode FR5912333 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
MONTEL optic monochromatorRint = 0.033
Detector resolution: 16 pixels mm-1θmax = 45.3°, θmin = 2.7°
φ– and ω–rotation scansh = −13→15
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2008)k = −28→30
Tmin = 0.781, Tmax = 0.818l = −8→8
25938 measured reflections
Refinement on F20 restraints
Least-squares matrix: fullPrimary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.015Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
wR(F2) = 0.044w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0204P)2 + 0.0373P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.08(Δ/σ)max = 0.002
2429 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.68 e Å3
60 parametersΔρmin = −0.40 e Å3
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against all reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R-factors based on all data will be even larger.
xyzUiso*/UeqOcc. (<1)
Si10.426415 (11)0.431285 (6)0.50000.00704 (2)
Si20.415184 (11)0.160356 (6)0.00000.00617 (2)
Li10.15083 (11)0.02778 (6)0.00000.01635 (13)
Li20.00000.50000.00000.01727 (19)
Li30.09442 (12)0.19506 (7)0.00000.0242 (2)
Li40.27005 (11)0.34697 (6)0.00000.01476 (13)
Li50.25998 (11)0.09271 (6)0.50000.01663 (14)
Li6A0.4138 (3)0.25535 (7)0.50000.0195 (4)0.838 (7)
Li6B0.3327 (12)0.2487 (4)0.50000.0192 (15)0.162 (7)
Li70.09281 (10)0.39330 (6)0.50000.01429 (13)
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Si10.00650 (4)0.00658 (4)0.00803 (4)−0.00146 (2)0.0000.000
Si20.00659 (4)0.00652 (4)0.00541 (4)−0.00044 (2)0.0000.000
Li10.0192 (3)0.0173 (3)0.0126 (3)−0.0052 (3)0.0000.000
Li20.0249 (5)0.0097 (4)0.0172 (5)−0.0035 (4)0.0000.000
Li30.0129 (3)0.0169 (3)0.0427 (6)0.0034 (3)0.0000.000
Li40.0133 (3)0.0173 (3)0.0137 (3)0.0004 (2)0.0000.000
Li50.0127 (3)0.0262 (4)0.0110 (3)−0.0061 (3)0.0000.000
Li6A0.0374 (11)0.0107 (4)0.0104 (4)0.0041 (4)0.0000.000
Li6B0.019 (4)0.017 (2)0.022 (3)0.003 (2)0.0000.000
Li70.0105 (3)0.0204 (3)0.0119 (3)−0.0008 (2)0.0000.000
Si1—Si1i2.3852 (2)Li3—Li6Axii2.7585 (14)
Si1—Li6A2.6628 (12)Li3—Li6Axiii2.7585 (14)
Si1—Li5ii2.6762 (8)Li3—Li53.0191 (9)
Si1—Li72.7133 (8)Li3—Li5viii3.0191 (9)
Si1—Li1iii2.7374 (5)Li3—Li6B3.038 (7)
Si1—Li1iv2.7374 (5)Li3—Li6Bviii3.038 (7)
Si1—Li5iii2.8559 (9)Li3—Li6Bxii3.168 (7)
Si1—Li4v2.8561 (5)Li4—Li3ii2.6556 (13)
Si1—Li42.8561 (5)Li4—Li6B2.728 (3)
Si1—Li6B2.860 (7)Li4—Li6Bviii2.728 (3)
Si1—Li1vi2.9244 (6)Li4—Li72.7317 (7)
Si1—Li1ii2.9244 (6)Li4—Li7viii2.7318 (7)
Si2—Li2vii2.5174 (2)Li4—Li1iv2.8060 (12)
Si2—Li32.6031 (9)Li4—Si2xiii2.8229 (9)
Si2—Li3ii2.6099 (10)Li4—Si1viii2.8562 (5)
Si2—Li6A2.6554 (6)Li4—Li6Aviii2.8659 (11)
Si2—Li6Aviii2.6554 (6)Li4—Li6A2.8659 (11)
Si2—Li6Bviii2.684 (3)Li5—Li6B2.429 (7)
Si2—Li6B2.684 (3)Li5—Li1v2.5892 (6)
Si2—Li52.7487 (5)Li5—Li7ii2.6540 (12)
Si2—Li5viii2.7487 (5)Li5—Si1xiii2.6762 (8)
Si2—Li7ii2.7638 (5)Li5—Li6A2.7472 (18)
Si2—Li7ix2.7638 (5)Li5—Si2v2.7487 (5)
Si2—Li4ii2.8229 (9)Li5—Si1xi2.8559 (9)
Li1—Li1x2.5408 (17)Li5—Li3v3.0191 (9)
Li1—Li32.5696 (13)Li5—Li7xi3.2351 (14)
Li1—Li5viii2.5892 (6)Li6A—Si2v2.6553 (6)
Li1—Li52.5892 (6)Li6A—Li7ii2.6605 (16)
Li1—Si1vii2.7374 (5)Li6A—Li3vi2.7585 (14)
Li1—Si1xi2.7374 (5)Li6A—Li3ii2.7585 (14)
Li1—Li4vii2.8060 (12)Li6A—Li4v2.8659 (11)
Li1—Li2vii2.8071 (9)Li6A—Li73.296 (2)
Li1—Si1xii2.9244 (6)Li6A—Li3v3.5021 (19)
Li1—Si1xiii2.9244 (6)Li6B—Si2v2.684 (3)
Li2—Si2xiii2.5173 (2)Li6B—Li4v2.728 (3)
Li2—Si2iv2.5174 (2)Li6B—Li72.902 (7)
Li2—Li1xiii2.8071 (9)Li6B—Li7ii2.981 (7)
Li2—Li1iv2.8071 (9)Li6B—Li3v3.038 (7)
Li2—Li7viii2.8522 (6)Li6B—Li3vi3.168 (7)
Li2—Li7xiv2.8522 (6)Li6B—Li3ii3.168 (7)
Li2—Li7xv2.8522 (6)Li7—Li5xiii2.6540 (12)
Li2—Li72.8522 (6)Li7—Li6Axiii2.6605 (16)
Li2—Li4xv3.1567 (9)Li7—Li4v2.7317 (7)
Li2—Li43.1567 (9)Li7—Si2xiii2.7638 (5)
Li2—Li5iii3.2546 (7)Li7—Si2xvi2.7638 (5)
Li2—Li5iv3.2546 (7)Li7—Li2v2.8522 (6)
Li3—Si2xiii2.6099 (10)Li7—Li6Bxiii2.981 (7)
Li3—Li4xiii2.6556 (13)Li7—Li5iii3.2351 (14)
Li3—Li42.6884 (13)
Si1i—Si1—Li6A152.78 (5)Li3ii—Li4—Li7124.20 (2)
Si1i—Si1—Li5ii68.43 (2)Li3—Li4—Li787.21 (3)
Li6A—Si1—Li5ii84.35 (5)Li6B—Li4—Li764.21 (14)
Si1i—Si1—Li7131.60 (2)Li6Bviii—Li4—Li7154.5 (2)
Li6A—Si1—Li775.63 (5)Li3ii—Li4—Li7viii124.20 (2)
Li5ii—Si1—Li7159.98 (3)Li3—Li4—Li7viii87.21 (3)
Si1i—Si1—Li1iii69.231 (19)Li6B—Li4—Li7viii154.5 (2)
Li6A—Si1—Li1iii121.62 (2)Li6Bviii—Li4—Li7viii64.21 (14)
Li5ii—Si1—Li1iii107.13 (2)Li7—Li4—Li7viii109.66 (4)
Li7—Si1—Li1iii83.90 (2)Li3ii—Li4—Li1iv90.90 (4)
Si1i—Si1—Li1iv69.231 (19)Li3—Li4—Li1iv161.67 (4)
Li6A—Si1—Li1iv121.62 (2)Li6B—Li4—Li1iv119.34 (14)
Li5ii—Si1—Li1iv107.13 (2)Li6Bviii—Li4—Li1iv119.34 (14)
Li7—Si1—Li1iv83.90 (2)Li7—Li4—Li1iv82.28 (3)
Li1iii—Si1—Li1iv109.32 (3)Li7viii—Li4—Li1iv82.28 (3)
Si1i—Si1—Li5iii60.62 (2)Li3ii—Li4—Si2xiii163.90 (4)
Li6A—Si1—Li5iii146.60 (5)Li3—Li4—Si2xiii56.47 (3)
Li5ii—Si1—Li5iii129.047 (16)Li6B—Li4—Si2xiii99.3 (2)
Li7—Si1—Li5iii70.97 (3)Li6Bviii—Li4—Si2xiii99.3 (2)
Li1iii—Si1—Li5iii55.100 (14)Li7—Li4—Si2xiii59.65 (2)
Li1iv—Si1—Li5iii55.100 (14)Li7viii—Li4—Si2xiii59.65 (2)
Si1i—Si1—Li4v127.050 (14)Li1iv—Li4—Si2xiii105.20 (3)
Li6A—Si1—Li4v62.45 (3)Li3ii—Li4—Si171.60 (2)
Li5ii—Si1—Li4v111.752 (19)Li3—Li4—Si1127.412 (15)
Li7—Si1—Li4v58.678 (17)Li6B—Li4—Si161.57 (14)
Li1iii—Si1—Li4v60.17 (2)Li6Bviii—Li4—Si1143.5 (2)
Li1iv—Si1—Li4v141.10 (3)Li7—Li4—Si158.048 (18)
Li5iii—Si1—Li4v98.97 (2)Li7viii—Li4—Si1138.51 (4)
Si1i—Si1—Li4127.051 (14)Li1iv—Li4—Si157.815 (16)
Li6A—Si1—Li462.45 (3)Si2xiii—Li4—Si1116.896 (19)
Li5ii—Si1—Li4111.752 (19)Li3ii—Li4—Si1viii71.60 (2)
Li7—Si1—Li458.678 (17)Li3—Li4—Si1viii127.413 (15)
Li1iii—Si1—Li4141.10 (3)Li6B—Li4—Si1viii143.5 (2)
Li1iv—Si1—Li460.17 (2)Li6Bviii—Li4—Si1viii61.57 (14)
Li5iii—Si1—Li498.97 (2)Li7—Li4—Si1viii138.51 (4)
Li4v—Si1—Li4102.86 (3)Li7viii—Li4—Si1viii58.048 (18)
Si1i—Si1—Li6B165.72 (19)Li1iv—Li4—Si1viii57.814 (16)
Li6A—Si1—Li6B12.94 (15)Si2xiii—Li4—Si1viii116.896 (19)
Li5ii—Si1—Li6B97.30 (19)Si1—Li4—Si1viii102.86 (3)
Li7—Si1—Li6B62.68 (19)Li3ii—Li4—Li6Aviii59.80 (4)
Li1iii—Si1—Li6B117.15 (8)Li3—Li4—Li6Aviii78.11 (4)
Li1iv—Si1—Li6B117.15 (8)Li6B—Li4—Li6Aviii107.55 (12)
Li5iii—Si1—Li6B133.66 (19)Li6Bviii—Li4—Li6Aviii13.10 (18)
Li4v—Si1—Li6B57.02 (7)Li7—Li4—Li6Aviii165.17 (5)
Li4—Si1—Li6B57.02 (7)Li7viii—Li4—Li6Aviii72.11 (3)
Si1i—Si1—Li1vi61.073 (16)Li1iv—Li4—Li6Aviii112.45 (4)
Li6A—Si1—Li1vi103.56 (3)Si2xiii—Li4—Li6Aviii112.31 (5)
Li5ii—Si1—Li1vi54.856 (16)Si1—Li4—Li6Aviii130.66 (5)
Li7—Si1—Li1vi129.866 (14)Si1viii—Li4—Li6Aviii55.47 (3)
Li1iii—Si1—Li1vi53.20 (3)Li3ii—Li4—Li6A59.80 (4)
Li1iv—Si1—Li1vi130.304 (9)Li3—Li4—Li6A78.10 (4)
Li5iii—Si1—Li1vi97.78 (2)Li6B—Li4—Li6A13.10 (18)
Li4v—Si1—Li1vi76.29 (2)Li6Bviii—Li4—Li6A107.55 (12)
Li4—Si1—Li1vi163.14 (2)Li7—Li4—Li6A72.11 (3)
Li6B—Si1—Li1vi111.30 (11)Li7viii—Li4—Li6A165.17 (5)
Si1i—Si1—Li1ii61.073 (16)Li1iv—Li4—Li6A112.45 (4)
Li6A—Si1—Li1ii103.56 (3)Si2xiii—Li4—Li6A112.31 (5)
Li5ii—Si1—Li1ii54.856 (16)Si1—Li4—Li6A55.47 (3)
Li7—Si1—Li1ii129.866 (14)Si1viii—Li4—Li6A130.66 (5)
Li1iii—Si1—Li1ii130.304 (9)Li6Aviii—Li4—Li6A102.37 (5)
Li1iv—Si1—Li1ii53.20 (3)Li6B—Li5—Li1116.63 (6)
Li5iii—Si1—Li1ii97.78 (2)Li6B—Li5—Li1v116.63 (6)
Li4v—Si1—Li1ii163.14 (2)Li1—Li5—Li1v119.19 (5)
Li4—Si1—Li1ii76.29 (2)Li6B—Li5—Li7ii71.7 (2)
Li6B—Si1—Li1ii111.30 (11)Li1—Li5—Li7ii111.36 (3)
Li1vi—Si1—Li1ii99.56 (3)Li1v—Li5—Li7ii111.36 (3)
Li2vii—Si2—Li3117.17 (2)Li6B—Li5—Si1xiii111.6 (2)
Li2vii—Si2—Li3ii131.38 (2)Li1—Li5—Si1xiii67.45 (3)
Li3—Si2—Li3ii111.451 (16)Li1v—Li5—Si1xiii67.45 (3)
Li2vii—Si2—Li6A121.49 (2)Li7ii—Li5—Si1xiii176.78 (5)
Li3—Si2—Li6A83.51 (5)Li6B—Li5—Li6A12.67 (19)
Li3ii—Si2—Li6A63.18 (4)Li1—Li5—Li6A119.26 (3)
Li2vii—Si2—Li6Aviii121.49 (2)Li1v—Li5—Li6A119.26 (3)
Li3—Si2—Li6Aviii83.51 (5)Li7ii—Li5—Li6A58.99 (5)
Li3ii—Si2—Li6Aviii63.18 (4)Si1xiii—Li5—Li6A124.23 (6)
Li6A—Si2—Li6Aviii114.48 (4)Li6B—Li5—Si262.07 (9)
Li2vii—Si2—Li6Bviii123.03 (10)Li1—Li5—Si265.853 (16)
Li3—Si2—Li6Bviii70.1 (2)Li1v—Li5—Si2172.86 (4)
Li3ii—Si2—Li6Bviii73.51 (18)Li7ii—Li5—Si261.506 (17)
Li6A—Si2—Li6Bviii115.43 (10)Si1xiii—Li5—Si2119.680 (19)
Li6Aviii—Si2—Li6Bviii14.03 (17)Li6A—Li5—Si257.78 (2)
Li2vii—Si2—Li6B123.03 (10)Li6B—Li5—Si2v62.07 (9)
Li3—Si2—Li6B70.1 (2)Li1—Li5—Si2v172.86 (4)
Li3ii—Si2—Li6B73.51 (18)Li1v—Li5—Si2v65.854 (16)
Li6A—Si2—Li6B14.03 (17)Li7ii—Li5—Si2v61.506 (17)
Li6Aviii—Si2—Li6B115.43 (10)Si1xiii—Li5—Si2v119.680 (19)
Li6Bviii—Si2—Li6B112.6 (2)Li6A—Li5—Si2v57.78 (2)
Li2vii—Si2—Li576.21 (2)Si2—Li5—Si2v108.66 (3)
Li3—Si2—Li568.62 (2)Li6B—Li5—Si1xi162.5 (2)
Li3ii—Si2—Li5123.840 (16)Li1—Li5—Si1xi60.12 (2)
Li6A—Si2—Li561.08 (4)Li1v—Li5—Si1xi60.12 (2)
Li6Aviii—Si2—Li5151.98 (5)Li7ii—Li5—Si1xi125.82 (4)
Li6Bviii—Si2—Li5138.7 (2)Si1xiii—Li5—Si1xi50.954 (16)
Li6B—Si2—Li553.11 (15)Li6A—Li5—Si1xi175.18 (6)
Li2vii—Si2—Li5viii76.21 (2)Si2—Li5—Si1xi123.439 (18)
Li3—Si2—Li5viii68.62 (2)Si2v—Li5—Si1xi123.440 (18)
Li3ii—Si2—Li5viii123.840 (16)Li6B—Li5—Li366.78 (13)
Li6A—Si2—Li5viii151.98 (5)Li1—Li5—Li353.88 (3)
Li6Aviii—Si2—Li5viii61.08 (4)Li1v—Li5—Li3133.34 (4)
Li6Bviii—Si2—Li5viii53.11 (15)Li7ii—Li5—Li3113.18 (3)
Li6B—Si2—Li5viii138.7 (2)Si1xiii—Li5—Li368.76 (2)
Li5—Si2—Li5viii108.66 (3)Li6A—Li5—Li374.63 (4)
Li2vii—Si2—Li7ii65.184 (19)Si2—Li5—Li353.408 (19)
Li3—Si2—Li7ii124.026 (15)Si2v—Li5—Li3127.28 (4)
Li3ii—Si2—Li7ii88.12 (3)Si1xi—Li5—Li3102.25 (3)
Li6A—Si2—Li7ii58.76 (3)Li6B—Li5—Li3v66.78 (13)
Li6Aviii—Si2—Li7ii147.18 (5)Li1—Li5—Li3v133.34 (4)
Li6Bviii—Si2—Li7ii160.6 (2)Li1v—Li5—Li3v53.88 (3)
Li6B—Si2—Li7ii66.34 (14)Li7ii—Li5—Li3v113.18 (3)
Li5—Si2—Li7ii57.56 (2)Si1xiii—Li5—Li3v68.76 (2)
Li5viii—Si2—Li7ii140.93 (3)Li6A—Li5—Li3v74.63 (4)
Li2vii—Si2—Li7ix65.184 (18)Si2—Li5—Li3v127.28 (4)
Li3—Si2—Li7ix124.026 (15)Si2v—Li5—Li3v53.408 (19)
Li3ii—Si2—Li7ix88.12 (3)Si1xi—Li5—Li3v102.25 (3)
Li6A—Si2—Li7ix147.18 (5)Li3—Li5—Li3v95.40 (4)
Li6Aviii—Si2—Li7ix58.77 (3)Li6B—Li5—Li7xi145.0 (2)
Li6Bviii—Si2—Li7ix66.34 (14)Li1—Li5—Li7xi76.56 (3)
Li6B—Si2—Li7ix160.6 (2)Li1v—Li5—Li7xi76.56 (3)
Li5—Si2—Li7ix140.93 (3)Li7ii—Li5—Li7xi73.37 (4)
Li5viii—Si2—Li7ix57.56 (2)Si1xiii—Li5—Li7xi103.41 (3)
Li7ii—Si2—Li7ix107.80 (3)Li6A—Li5—Li7xi132.36 (5)
Li2vii—Si2—Li4ii72.216 (17)Si2—Li5—Li7xi100.64 (2)
Li3—Si2—Li4ii170.62 (3)Si2v—Li5—Li7xi100.64 (2)
Li3ii—Si2—Li4ii59.16 (3)Si1xi—Li5—Li7xi52.46 (2)
Li6A—Si2—Li4ii91.45 (5)Li3—Li5—Li7xi129.47 (2)
Li6Aviii—Si2—Li4ii91.45 (5)Li3v—Li5—Li7xi129.47 (2)
Li6Bviii—Si2—Li4ii105.3 (2)Si2v—Li6A—Si2114.48 (4)
Li6B—Si2—Li4ii105.3 (2)Si2v—Li6A—Li7ii62.65 (2)
Li5—Si2—Li4ii115.713 (19)Si2—Li6A—Li7ii62.65 (2)
Li5viii—Si2—Li4ii115.713 (19)Si2v—Li6A—Si1122.72 (2)
Li7ii—Si2—Li4ii58.534 (15)Si2—Li6A—Si1122.72 (2)
Li7ix—Si2—Li4ii58.534 (15)Li7ii—Li6A—Si1145.53 (10)
Li1x—Li1—Li399.26 (5)Si2v—Li6A—Li561.14 (3)
Li1x—Li1—Li5viii116.21 (3)Si2—Li6A—Li561.14 (3)
Li3—Li1—Li5viii71.64 (3)Li7ii—Li6A—Li558.76 (3)
Li1x—Li1—Li5116.21 (3)Si1—Li6A—Li5155.71 (9)
Li3—Li1—Li571.64 (3)Si2v—Li6A—Li3vi57.60 (2)
Li5viii—Li1—Li5119.19 (5)Si2—Li6A—Li3vi145.67 (8)
Li1x—Li1—Si1vii67.17 (2)Li7ii—Li6A—Li3vi87.22 (5)
Li3—Li1—Si1vii119.07 (2)Si1—Li6A—Li3vi73.07 (4)
Li5viii—Li1—Si1vii64.776 (18)Li5—Li6A—Li3vi118.37 (3)
Li5—Li1—Si1vii168.80 (4)Si2v—Li6A—Li3ii145.67 (8)
Li1x—Li1—Si1xi67.17 (2)Si2—Li6A—Li3ii57.61 (2)
Li3—Li1—Si1xi119.07 (2)Li7ii—Li6A—Li3ii87.22 (5)
Li5viii—Li1—Si1xi168.80 (4)Si1—Li6A—Li3ii73.07 (4)
Li5—Li1—Si1xi64.776 (18)Li5—Li6A—Li3ii118.37 (3)
Si1vii—Li1—Si1xi109.32 (3)Li3vi—Li6A—Li3ii108.10 (8)
Li1x—Li1—Li4vii83.64 (4)Si2v—Li6A—Li4156.71 (9)
Li3—Li1—Li4vii177.10 (5)Si2—Li6A—Li466.92 (2)
Li5viii—Li1—Li4vii107.13 (3)Li7ii—Li6A—Li4128.45 (2)
Li5—Li1—Li4vii107.13 (3)Si1—Li6A—Li462.08 (3)
Si1vii—Li1—Li4vii62.011 (17)Li5—Li6A—Li4104.80 (6)
Si1xi—Li1—Li4vii62.012 (18)Li3vi—Li6A—Li4134.98 (5)
Li1x—Li1—Li2vii152.08 (6)Li3ii—Li6A—Li456.31 (3)
Li3—Li1—Li2vii108.66 (4)Si2v—Li6A—Li4v66.92 (2)
Li5viii—Li1—Li2vii74.07 (3)Si2—Li6A—Li4v156.71 (9)
Li5—Li1—Li2vii74.07 (3)Li7ii—Li6A—Li4v128.45 (2)
Si1vii—Li1—Li2vii98.16 (2)Si1—Li6A—Li4v62.08 (3)
Si1xi—Li1—Li2vii98.16 (2)Li5—Li6A—Li4v104.80 (6)
Li4vii—Li1—Li2vii68.44 (3)Li3vi—Li6A—Li4v56.31 (3)
Li1x—Li1—Si2155.65 (6)Li3ii—Li6A—Li4v134.98 (5)
Li3—Li1—Si256.39 (3)Li4—Li6A—Li4v102.37 (5)
Li5viii—Li1—Si259.72 (2)Si2v—Li6A—Li7110.22 (5)
Li5—Li1—Si259.72 (2)Si2—Li6A—Li7110.22 (5)
Si1vii—Li1—Si2122.029 (17)Li7ii—Li6A—Li7161.59 (8)
Si1xi—Li1—Si2122.029 (17)Si1—Li6A—Li752.88 (3)
Li4vii—Li1—Si2120.71 (4)Li5—Li6A—Li7102.83 (7)
Li2vii—Li1—Si252.269 (16)Li3vi—Li6A—Li7103.34 (4)
Li1x—Li1—Si1xii59.63 (2)Li3ii—Li6A—Li7103.34 (4)
Li3—Li1—Si1xii71.64 (2)Li4—Li6A—Li752.06 (3)
Li5viii—Li1—Si1xii57.691 (19)Li4v—Li6A—Li752.06 (3)
Li5—Li1—Si1xii141.50 (4)Si2v—Li6A—Li3113.47 (6)
Si1vii—Li1—Si1xii49.695 (9)Si2—Li6A—Li347.61 (3)
Si1xi—Li1—Si1xii126.80 (3)Li7ii—Li6A—Li399.65 (4)
Li4vii—Li1—Si1xii110.06 (2)Si1—Li6A—Li3106.70 (5)
Li2vii—Li1—Si1xii129.406 (14)Li5—Li6A—Li356.23 (4)
Si2—Li1—Si1xii107.16 (2)Li3vi—Li6A—Li3164.63 (7)
Li1x—Li1—Si1xiii59.63 (2)Li3ii—Li6A—Li386.09 (2)
Li3—Li1—Si1xiii71.64 (2)Li4—Li6A—Li348.69 (3)
Li5viii—Li1—Si1xiii141.50 (4)Li4v—Li6A—Li3109.49 (7)
Li5—Li1—Si1xiii57.691 (19)Li7—Li6A—Li366.64 (4)
Si1vii—Li1—Si1xiii126.80 (3)Si2v—Li6A—Li3v47.61 (3)
Si1xi—Li1—Si1xiii49.695 (9)Si2—Li6A—Li3v113.47 (6)
Li4vii—Li1—Si1xiii110.06 (2)Li7ii—Li6A—Li3v99.65 (4)
Li2vii—Li1—Si1xiii129.406 (14)Si1—Li6A—Li3v106.70 (5)
Si2—Li1—Si1xiii107.16 (2)Li5—Li6A—Li3v56.23 (4)
Si1xii—Li1—Si1xiii99.56 (3)Li3vi—Li6A—Li3v86.09 (2)
Si2xiii—Li2—Si2iv180.000 (4)Li3ii—Li6A—Li3v164.63 (7)
Si2xiii—Li2—Li1xiii65.859 (17)Li4—Li6A—Li3v109.48 (7)
Si2iv—Li2—Li1xiii114.141 (17)Li4v—Li6A—Li3v48.69 (3)
Si2xiii—Li2—Li1iv114.142 (17)Li7—Li6A—Li3v66.64 (4)
Si2iv—Li2—Li1iv65.859 (17)Li3—Li6A—Li3v79.23 (5)
Li1xiii—Li2—Li1iv180.0Li5—Li6B—Si2v64.82 (11)
Si2xiii—Li2—Li7viii61.584 (16)Li5—Li6B—Si264.82 (11)
Si2iv—Li2—Li7viii118.416 (16)Si2v—Li6B—Si2112.6 (2)
Li1xiii—Li2—Li7viii99.849 (19)Li5—Li6B—Li4119.1 (2)
Li1iv—Li2—Li7viii80.151 (19)Si2v—Li6B—Li4175.5 (4)
Si2xiii—Li2—Li7xiv118.417 (16)Si2—Li6B—Li468.579 (18)
Si2iv—Li2—Li7xiv61.583 (16)Li5—Li6B—Li4v119.1 (2)
Li1xiii—Li2—Li7xiv80.151 (19)Si2v—Li6B—Li4v68.579 (19)
Li1iv—Li2—Li7xiv99.849 (19)Si2—Li6B—Li4v175.5 (4)
Li7viii—Li2—Li7xiv180.0Li4—Li6B—Li4v109.86 (19)
Si2xiii—Li2—Li7xv118.417 (16)Li5—Li6B—Si1178.7 (4)
Si2iv—Li2—Li7xv61.583 (16)Si2v—Li6B—Si1114.7 (2)
Li1xiii—Li2—Li7xv80.151 (19)Si2—Li6B—Si1114.7 (2)
Li1iv—Li2—Li7xv99.849 (19)Li4—Li6B—Si161.41 (11)
Li7viii—Li2—Li7xv76.94 (3)Li4v—Li6B—Si161.41 (11)
Li7xiv—Li2—Li7xv103.06 (3)Li5—Li6B—Li7125.1 (4)
Si2xiii—Li2—Li761.584 (16)Si2v—Li6B—Li7122.40 (15)
Si2iv—Li2—Li7118.417 (16)Si2—Li6B—Li7122.40 (15)
Li1xiii—Li2—Li799.850 (19)Li4—Li6B—Li757.95 (11)
Li1iv—Li2—Li780.151 (19)Li4v—Li6B—Li757.95 (11)
Li7viii—Li2—Li7103.06 (3)Si1—Li6B—Li756.18 (10)
Li7xiv—Li2—Li776.94 (3)Li5—Li6B—Li7ii57.68 (13)
Li7xv—Li2—Li7180.0Si2v—Li6B—Li7ii58.12 (12)
Si2xiii—Li2—Li4xv121.622 (16)Si2—Li6B—Li7ii58.12 (12)
Si2iv—Li2—Li4xv58.378 (16)Li4—Li6B—Li7ii121.27 (18)
Li1xiii—Li2—Li4xv55.76 (2)Li4v—Li6B—Li7ii121.27 (18)
Li1iv—Li2—Li4xv124.24 (2)Si1—Li6B—Li7ii121.0 (3)
Li7viii—Li2—Li4xv126.209 (14)Li7—Li6B—Li7ii177.2 (4)
Li7xiv—Li2—Li4xv53.791 (15)Li5—Li6B—Li365.94 (17)
Li7xv—Li2—Li4xv53.791 (15)Si2v—Li6B—Li3129.1 (3)
Li7—Li2—Li4xv126.210 (14)Si2—Li6B—Li353.69 (8)
Si2xiii—Li2—Li458.378 (16)Li4—Li6B—Li355.26 (9)
Si2iv—Li2—Li4121.622 (16)Li4v—Li6B—Li3129.3 (3)
Li1xiii—Li2—Li4124.24 (2)Si1—Li6B—Li3114.84 (14)
Li1iv—Li2—Li455.76 (2)Li7—Li6B—Li377.97 (19)
Li7viii—Li2—Li453.791 (14)Li7ii—Li6B—Li3103.89 (14)
Li7xiv—Li2—Li4126.210 (14)Li5—Li6B—Li3v65.94 (17)
Li7xv—Li2—Li4126.210 (14)Si2v—Li6B—Li3v53.69 (8)
Li7—Li2—Li453.790 (15)Si2—Li6B—Li3v129.1 (3)
Li4xv—Li2—Li4180.0Li4—Li6B—Li3v129.3 (3)
Si2xiii—Li2—Li5iii124.896 (15)Li4v—Li6B—Li3v55.26 (9)
Si2iv—Li2—Li5iii55.104 (15)Si1—Li6B—Li3v114.84 (14)
Li1xiii—Li2—Li5iii130.096 (14)Li7—Li6B—Li3v77.97 (19)
Li1iv—Li2—Li5iii49.904 (14)Li7ii—Li6B—Li3v103.89 (14)
Li7viii—Li2—Li5iii129.00 (2)Li3—Li6B—Li3v94.6 (3)
Li7xiv—Li2—Li5iii51.00 (2)Li5—Li6B—Li3vi114.65 (17)
Li7xv—Li2—Li5iii116.42 (2)Si2v—Li6B—Li3vi52.18 (10)
Li7—Li2—Li5iii63.58 (2)Si2—Li6B—Li3vi124.0 (3)
Li4xv—Li2—Li5iii94.745 (17)Li4—Li6B—Li3vi123.4 (3)
Li4—Li2—Li5iii85.255 (17)Li4v—Li6B—Li3vi52.90 (9)
Si2xiii—Li2—Li5iv124.896 (15)Si1—Li6B—Li3vi64.52 (16)
Si2iv—Li2—Li5iv55.104 (15)Li7—Li6B—Li3vi103.25 (14)
Li1xiii—Li2—Li5iv130.096 (14)Li7ii—Li6B—Li3vi74.81 (18)
Li1iv—Li2—Li5iv49.904 (14)Li3—Li6B—Li3vi177.4 (3)
Li7viii—Li2—Li5iv63.58 (2)Li3v—Li6B—Li3vi87.879 (16)
Li7xiv—Li2—Li5iv116.42 (2)Li5—Li6B—Li3ii114.65 (17)
Li7xv—Li2—Li5iv51.00 (2)Si2v—Li6B—Li3ii124.0 (3)
Li7—Li2—Li5iv129.00 (2)Si2—Li6B—Li3ii52.18 (10)
Li4xv—Li2—Li5iv94.745 (17)Li4—Li6B—Li3ii52.90 (9)
Li4—Li2—Li5iv85.255 (17)Li4v—Li6B—Li3ii123.4 (3)
Li5iii—Li2—Li5iv86.65 (2)Si1—Li6B—Li3ii64.52 (16)
Li1—Li3—Si268.32 (3)Li7—Li6B—Li3ii103.25 (14)
Li1—Li3—Si2xiii156.96 (5)Li7ii—Li6B—Li3ii74.81 (18)
Si2—Li3—Si2xiii134.72 (4)Li3—Li6B—Li3ii87.879 (16)
Li1—Li3—Li4xiii86.20 (4)Li3v—Li6B—Li3ii177.4 (3)
Si2—Li3—Li4xiii154.51 (5)Li3vi—Li6B—Li3ii89.6 (3)
Si2xiii—Li3—Li4xiii70.77 (3)Li5xiii—Li7—Li6Axiii62.25 (5)
Li1—Li3—Li4138.67 (5)Li5xiii—Li7—Si1163.20 (4)
Si2—Li3—Li470.35 (3)Li6Axiii—Li7—Si1134.55 (6)
Si2xiii—Li3—Li464.37 (3)Li5xiii—Li7—Li4v122.31 (2)
Li4xiii—Li3—Li4135.14 (4)Li6Axiii—Li7—Li4v93.38 (4)
Li1—Li3—Li6Axii111.01 (3)Si1—Li7—Li4v63.27 (2)
Si2—Li3—Li6Axii124.37 (4)Li5xiii—Li7—Li4122.31 (2)
Si2xiii—Li3—Li6Axii59.21 (3)Li6Axiii—Li7—Li493.38 (4)
Li4xiii—Li3—Li6Axii63.89 (4)Si1—Li7—Li463.27 (2)
Li4—Li3—Li6Axii92.17 (4)Li4v—Li7—Li4109.66 (4)
Li1—Li3—Li6Axiii111.01 (3)Li5xiii—Li7—Si2xiii60.933 (17)
Si2—Li3—Li6Axiii124.37 (4)Li6Axiii—Li7—Si2xiii58.58 (2)
Si2xiii—Li3—Li6Axiii59.21 (3)Si1—Li7—Si2xiii124.156 (15)
Li4xiii—Li3—Li6Axiii63.89 (4)Li4v—Li7—Si2xiii148.06 (4)
Li4—Li3—Li6Axiii92.17 (4)Li4—Li7—Si2xiii61.815 (18)
Li6Axii—Li3—Li6Axiii108.10 (8)Li5xiii—Li7—Si2xvi60.933 (17)
Li1—Li3—Li554.48 (2)Li6Axiii—Li7—Si2xvi58.58 (2)
Si2—Li3—Li557.97 (2)Si1—Li7—Si2xvi124.156 (15)
Si2xiii—Li3—Li5131.88 (2)Li4v—Li7—Si2xvi61.815 (18)
Li4xiii—Li3—Li5107.49 (3)Li4—Li7—Si2xvi148.06 (4)
Li4—Li3—Li5102.23 (3)Si2xiii—Li7—Si2xvi107.79 (3)
Li6Axii—Li3—Li5164.79 (5)Li5xiii—Li7—Li2v72.37 (2)
Li6Axiii—Li3—Li576.55 (4)Li6Axiii—Li7—Li2v109.87 (3)
Li1—Li3—Li5viii54.48 (2)Si1—Li7—Li2v97.64 (2)
Si2—Li3—Li5viii57.97 (2)Li4v—Li7—Li2v68.809 (17)
Si2xiii—Li3—Li5viii131.88 (2)Li4—Li7—Li2v156.71 (4)
Li4xiii—Li3—Li5viii107.48 (3)Si2xiii—Li7—Li2v131.80 (3)
Li4—Li3—Li5viii102.23 (3)Si2xvi—Li7—Li2v53.233 (8)
Li6Axii—Li3—Li5viii76.55 (4)Li5xiii—Li7—Li272.37 (2)
Li6Axiii—Li3—Li5viii164.79 (5)Li6Axiii—Li7—Li2109.87 (3)
Li5—Li3—Li5viii95.40 (4)Si1—Li7—Li297.64 (2)
Li1—Li3—Li6B98.86 (11)Li4v—Li7—Li2156.71 (4)
Si2—Li3—Li6B56.17 (14)Li4—Li7—Li268.810 (17)
Si2xiii—Li3—Li6B96.70 (11)Si2xiii—Li7—Li253.233 (8)
Li4xiii—Li3—Li6B132.00 (14)Si2xvi—Li7—Li2131.80 (3)
Li4—Li3—Li6B56.51 (11)Li2v—Li7—Li2103.06 (3)
Li6Axii—Li3—Li6B147.86 (12)Li5xiii—Li7—Li6B135.66 (19)
Li6Axiii—Li3—Li6B69.93 (11)Li6Axiii—Li7—Li6B73.41 (15)
Li5—Li3—Li6B47.28 (10)Si1—Li7—Li6B61.14 (18)
Li5viii—Li3—Li6B114.13 (14)Li4v—Li7—Li6B57.84 (5)
Li1—Li3—Li6Bviii98.86 (11)Li4—Li7—Li6B57.84 (5)
Si2—Li3—Li6Bviii56.17 (14)Si2xiii—Li7—Li6B96.57 (11)
Si2xiii—Li3—Li6Bviii96.70 (11)Si2xvi—Li7—Li6B96.57 (11)
Li4xiii—Li3—Li6Bviii132.00 (14)Li2v—Li7—Li6B126.62 (4)
Li4—Li3—Li6Bviii56.51 (11)Li2—Li7—Li6B126.62 (4)
Li6Axii—Li3—Li6Bviii69.93 (11)Li5xiii—Li7—Li6Bxiii50.66 (18)
Li6Axiii—Li3—Li6Bviii147.86 (12)Li6Axiii—Li7—Li6Bxiii11.59 (14)
Li5—Li3—Li6Bviii114.13 (14)Si1—Li7—Li6Bxiii146.14 (18)
Li5viii—Li3—Li6Bviii47.28 (10)Li4v—Li7—Li6Bxiii99.96 (10)
Li6B—Li3—Li6Bviii94.6 (3)Li4—Li7—Li6Bxiii99.96 (10)
Li1—Li3—Li6Bxii112.27 (10)Si2xiii—Li7—Li6Bxiii55.54 (4)
Si2—Li3—Li6Bxii134.21 (13)Si2xvi—Li7—Li6Bxiii55.54 (4)
Si2xiii—Li3—Li6Bxii54.31 (10)Li2v—Li7—Li6Bxiii103.19 (11)
Li4xiii—Li3—Li6Bxii55.03 (13)Li2—Li7—Li6Bxiii103.19 (11)
Li4—Li3—Li6Bxii96.40 (11)Li6B—Li7—Li6Bxiii85.00 (3)
Li6Axii—Li3—Li6Bxii9.86 (10)Li5xiii—Li7—Li5iii106.63 (4)
Li6Axiii—Li3—Li6Bxii98.97 (16)Li6Axiii—Li7—Li5iii168.88 (6)
Li5—Li3—Li6Bxii160.95 (12)Si1—Li7—Li5iii56.57 (2)
Li5viii—Li3—Li6Bxii84.41 (12)Li4v—Li7—Li5iii93.01 (3)
Li6B—Li3—Li6Bxii148.83 (4)Li4—Li7—Li5iii93.02 (3)
Li6Bviii—Li3—Li6Bxii79.609 (14)Si2xiii—Li7—Li5iii117.29 (2)
Li3ii—Li4—Li3107.43 (3)Si2xvi—Li7—Li5iii117.29 (2)
Li3ii—Li4—Li6B72.1 (2)Li2v—Li7—Li5iii64.282 (19)
Li3—Li4—Li6B68.24 (17)Li2—Li7—Li5iii64.281 (19)
Li3ii—Li4—Li6Bviii72.1 (2)Li6B—Li7—Li5iii117.71 (18)
Li3—Li4—Li6Bviii68.24 (17)Li6Bxiii—Li7—Li5iii157.29 (18)
Li6B—Li4—Li6Bviii109.86 (19)
  3 in total

1.  A short history of SHELX.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr A       Date:  2007-12-21       Impact factor: 2.290

2.  Pair distribution function analysis and solid state NMR studies of silicon electrodes for lithium ion batteries: understanding the (de)lithiation mechanisms.

Authors:  Baris Key; Mathieu Morcrette; Jean-Marie Tarascon; Clare P Grey
Journal:  J Am Chem Soc       Date:  2010-12-20       Impact factor: 15.419

3.  Real-time NMR investigations of structural changes in silicon electrodes for lithium-ion batteries.

Authors:  Baris Key; Rangeet Bhattacharyya; Mathieu Morcrette; Vincent Seznéc; Jean-Marie Tarascon; Clare P Grey
Journal:  J Am Chem Soc       Date:  2009-07-08       Impact factor: 15.419

  3 in total

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