Jordi Miró1, Kevin J Gertz2, Gregory T Carter3, Mark P Jensen4. 1. Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Centre de Recerca en Avaluació i Mesura del Comportament, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain(∗). 2. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA(†). 3. St. Luke's Rehabilitation Institute, 711 S Cowley St, Spokane, WA 99202-1330(‡). Electronic address: gtcarter@uw.edu. 4. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA(§).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The influence of pain location and extent on functioning in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and chronic pain is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlations between pain location and extent to determine which pain domains may be important to assess and potentially target in treating chronic pain in SCI populations. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: University medical center. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 259 persons with an SCI and chronic pain. METHODS: Postal mail survey questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Pain sites, pain extent (number of sites), pain intensity in specific body locations, pain interference, and physical and psychological functioning. RESULTS: A positive association between pain extent and intensity with pain interference (r = 0.33, P < .01) and a negative association with psychological functioning were noted in the study sample (r = -0.21, P < .01). Pain intensity in the lower back and legs (r = 0.55, P < .01) and a number of other sites showed strong associations with patient functioning. Correlation with psychological functioning was significant but weaker (r = -0.22, P < .01 for the lower back and legs). Ambulatory status had only a small moderating effect on the associations between pain intensity in specific sites and pain interference and no effect on psychological functioning. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the importance of assessing pain intensity at specific locations as a part of a thorough evaluation of chronic pain, as well as the importance of addressing pain at multiple sites, when managing pain in persons with an SCI.
BACKGROUND: The influence of pain location and extent on functioning in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and chronic pain is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlations between pain location and extent to determine which pain domains may be important to assess and potentially target in treating chronic pain in SCI populations. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: University medical center. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 259 persons with an SCI and chronic pain. METHODS: Postal mail survey questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Pain sites, pain extent (number of sites), pain intensity in specific body locations, pain interference, and physical and psychological functioning. RESULTS: A positive association between pain extent and intensity with pain interference (r = 0.33, P < .01) and a negative association with psychological functioning were noted in the study sample (r = -0.21, P < .01). Pain intensity in the lower back and legs (r = 0.55, P < .01) and a number of other sites showed strong associations with patient functioning. Correlation with psychological functioning was significant but weaker (r = -0.22, P < .01 for the lower back and legs). Ambulatory status had only a small moderating effect on the associations between pain intensity in specific sites and pain interference and no effect on psychological functioning. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the importance of assessing pain intensity at specific locations as a part of a thorough evaluation of chronic pain, as well as the importance of addressing pain at multiple sites, when managing pain in persons with an SCI.
Authors: N B Finnerup; M P Jensen; C Norrbrink; K Trok; I L Johannesen; T S Jensen; L Werhagen Journal: Spinal Cord Date: 2016-03-01 Impact factor: 2.772
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Authors: Joseph W Ditre; Kirsten J Langdon; Jesse D Kosiba; Emily L Zale; Michael J Zvolensky Journal: Addict Behav Date: 2014-11-26 Impact factor: 3.913
Authors: Jordi Miró; Rocío de la Vega; Catarina Tomé-Pires; Elisabet Sánchez-Rodríguez; Elena Castarlenas; Mark P Jensen; Joyce M Engel Journal: J Pain Res Date: 2017-01-05 Impact factor: 3.133
Authors: Elena Castarlenas; Elisabet Sánchez-Rodríguez; Rubén Roy; Catarina Tomé-Pires; Ester Solé; Mark P Jensen; Jordi Miró Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-11-28 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Gillian Fennell; Abby Pui Wang Yip; M Carrington Reid; Susan Enguídanos; Elizabeth Zelinski; Corinna Löckenhoff Journal: Health Psychol Bull Date: 2021-12-30