Javier Abarca-Olivas1, Irene Monjas-Cánovas2, Beatriz López-Álvarez3, Jaime Lloret-García4, Jose Sanchez-del Campo5, Juan Ramon Gras-Albert2, Pedro Moreno-López6. 1. Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España. Electronic address: jabarcaolivas@gmail.com. 2. Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España. 3. Surgical Neuroanatomy Lab, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Estados Unidos. 4. Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España; Departamento de Neuroanatomía, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, España. 5. Departamento de Neuroanatomía, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, España. 6. Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Training in dissection of the paranasal sinuses and the skull base is essential for anatomical understanding and correct surgical techniques. Three-dimensional (3D) visualisation of endoscopic skull base anatomy increases spatial orientation and allows depth perception. OBJECTIVE: To show endoscopic skull base anatomy based on the 3D technique. METHODS: We performed endoscopic dissection in cadaveric specimens fixed with formalin and with the Thiel technique, both prepared using intravascular injection of coloured material. Endonasal approaches were performed with conventional 2D endoscopes. Then we applied the 3D anaglyph technique to illustrate the pictures in 3D. RESULTS: The most important anatomical structures and landmarks of the sellar region under endonasal endoscopic vision are illustrated in 3D images. CONCLUSION: The skull base consists of complex bony and neurovascular structures. Experience with cadaver dissection is essential to understand complex anatomy and develop surgical skills. A 3D view constitutes a useful tool for understanding skull base anatomy.
INTRODUCTION: Training in dissection of the paranasal sinuses and the skull base is essential for anatomical understanding and correct surgical techniques. Three-dimensional (3D) visualisation of endoscopic skull base anatomy increases spatial orientation and allows depth perception. OBJECTIVE: To show endoscopic skull base anatomy based on the 3D technique. METHODS: We performed endoscopic dissection in cadaveric specimens fixed with formalin and with the Thiel technique, both prepared using intravascular injection of coloured material. Endonasal approaches were performed with conventional 2D endoscopes. Then we applied the 3D anaglyph technique to illustrate the pictures in 3D. RESULTS: The most important anatomical structures and landmarks of the sellar region under endonasal endoscopic vision are illustrated in 3D images. CONCLUSION: The skull base consists of complex bony and neurovascular structures. Experience with cadaver dissection is essential to understand complex anatomy and develop surgical skills. A 3D view constitutes a useful tool for understanding skull base anatomy.