Benjamin D Capistrant1, Nicte I Mejia2, Sze Y Liu3, Qianyi Wang4, M Maria Glymour5. 1. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. bcapistr@umn.edu. 2. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. 3. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 4. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. 5. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California - San Francisco.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Few longitudinal studies compare changes in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) among stroke-free adults to prospectively document IADL changes among adults who experience stroke. We contrast annual declines in IADL independence for older individuals who remain stroke free to those for individuals who experienced stroke. We also assess whether these patterns differ by sex, race, or Southern birthplace. METHODS: Health and Retirement Study participants who were stroke free in 1998 (n = 17,741) were followed through 2010 (average follow-up = 8.9 years) for self- or proxy-reported stroke. We used logistic regressions to compare annual changes in odds of self-reported independence in six IADLs among those who remained stroke free throughout follow-up (n = 15,888), those who survived a stroke (n = 1,412), and those who had a stroke and did not survive to participate in another interview (n = 442). We present models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic covariates and also stratified on sex, race, and Southern birthplace. RESULTS: Compared with similar cohort members who remained stroke free, participants who developed stroke had faster declines in IADL independence and lower probability of IADL independence prior to stroke. After stroke, independence declined at an annual rate similar to those who did not have stroke. The black-white disparity in IADL independence narrowed poststroke. CONCLUSION: Racial differences in IADL independence are apparent long before stroke onset. Poststroke differences in IADL independence largely reflect prestroke disparities.
BACKGROUND: Few longitudinal studies compare changes in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) among stroke-free adults to prospectively document IADL changes among adults who experience stroke. We contrast annual declines in IADL independence for older individuals who remain stroke free to those for individuals who experienced stroke. We also assess whether these patterns differ by sex, race, or Southern birthplace. METHODS: Health and Retirement Study participants who were stroke free in 1998 (n = 17,741) were followed through 2010 (average follow-up = 8.9 years) for self- or proxy-reported stroke. We used logistic regressions to compare annual changes in odds of self-reported independence in six IADLs among those who remained stroke free throughout follow-up (n = 15,888), those who survived a stroke (n = 1,412), and those who had a stroke and did not survive to participate in another interview (n = 442). We present models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic covariates and also stratified on sex, race, and Southern birthplace. RESULTS: Compared with similar cohort members who remained stroke free, participants who developed stroke had faster declines in IADL independence and lower probability of IADL independence prior to stroke. After stroke, independence declined at an annual rate similar to those who did not have stroke. The black-white disparity in IADL independence narrowed poststroke. CONCLUSION: Racial differences in IADL independence are apparent long before stroke onset. Poststroke differences in IADL independence largely reflect prestroke disparities.
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