Isolation of amplified and overexpressed DNA sequences from adriamycin-resistant human breast cancer cells.

An MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line was selected which was 200-fold more resistant to Adriamycin than the wild type cell line. This Adriamycin-resistant (AdrR) cell line exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype and was cross-resistant to a wide range of antineoplastic agents including Vinca alkaloids, anthracyclines, and epipodophyllotoxins. Cytogenetic analysis of the AdrR cell line showed the presence of homogeneously staining regions on several chromosomes which were not present in the parental cell line. Using the technique of in-gel renaturation, DNA sequences which were amplified 50- to 100-fold in the AdrR cell line and which covered a total of over 140 kilobases were isolated. In addition, AdrR cells were found to contain amplified and overexpressed sequences which were homologous to hamster P-glycoprotein gene sequences. A hamster cDNA P-glycoprotein gene probe was used to screen a lambda gt10 cDNA library made from human AdrR cell line mRNA and human cDNA sequences homologous to the P-glycoprotein gene were isolated. Hybridization studies with the cloned human cDNA (pADR1) showed that the AdrR MCF-7 cell line contained a 60-fold amplification of this DNA sequence and that polyadenylated mRNA from the AdrR cell line contained a 4.8-kilobase transcript which was overexpressed 45-fold. There was a direct correlation between DNA and RNA copy number of this sequence and level of resistance among several MCF-7 Adriamycin-resistant cell lines. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated that the human P-glycoprotein gene sequence was found on chromosome 7q21.1 in normal human lymphocytes and that amplified DNA sequences isolated from the AdrR MCF-7 cells by the in-gel hybridization technique were linked to the human P-glycoprotein sequences in the homogeneously staining regions in the AdrR cells.