Kjetil Bjørnevik1, Trond Riise2, Ilaria Casetta3, Jelena Drulovic4, Enrico Granieri3, Trygve Holmøy5, Margitta T Kampman6, Anne-Marie Landtblom7, Klaus Lauer8, Andreas Lossius9, Sandra Magalhaes10, Kjell-Morten Myhr11, Tatjana Pekmezovic12, Kristin Wesnes2, Christina Wolfson13, Maura Pugliatti14. 1. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway Department of Neurology, The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway kjetil.bjornevik@igs.uib.no. 2. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway Department of Neurology, The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway. 3. Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Ferrara, Italy. 4. Clinic of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia. 5. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Norway. 6. Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Tromsø, Norway Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway. 7. Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, UHL, County Council, Linköping University, Sweden. 8. Griesheim, Darmstadt, Germany. 9. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway. 10. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Canada. 11. Department of Neurology, The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway The KG Jebsen Centre for MS-Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 12. Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia. 13. Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Canada. 14. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this paper is to estimate the association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and measures of sun exposure in specific age periods in Norway and Italy. METHODS: A total of 1660 MS patients and 3050 controls from Italy and Norway who participated in a multinational case-control study (EnvIMS) reported sun habits during childhood and adolescence. RESULTS: A significant association between infrequent summer outdoor activity and increased MS risk was found in Norway and in Italy. The association was strongest between the ages of 16 and 18 years in Norway (odds ratio (OR) 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-2.59), and between birth and age 5 years in Italy (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.16-2.10). In Italy a significant association was also found during winter (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.03-1.97). Frequent sunscreen use between birth and the age of 6 years was associated with MS in Norway (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.08-1.93) after adjusting for outdoor activity during the same period. Red hair (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.06-2.63) and blonde hair (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.09-1.70) were associated with MS after adjusting for outdoor activity and sunscreen use. CONCLUSION: Converging evidence from different measures underlines the beneficial effect of sun exposure on MS risk.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this paper is to estimate the association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and measures of sun exposure in specific age periods in Norway and Italy. METHODS: A total of 1660 MS patients and 3050 controls from Italy and Norway who participated in a multinational case-control study (EnvIMS) reported sun habits during childhood and adolescence. RESULTS: A significant association between infrequent summer outdoor activity and increased MS risk was found in Norway and in Italy. The association was strongest between the ages of 16 and 18 years in Norway (odds ratio (OR) 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-2.59), and between birth and age 5 years in Italy (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.16-2.10). In Italy a significant association was also found during winter (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.03-1.97). Frequent sunscreen use between birth and the age of 6 years was associated with MS in Norway (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.08-1.93) after adjusting for outdoor activity during the same period. Red hair (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.06-2.63) and blonde hair (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.09-1.70) were associated with MS after adjusting for outdoor activity and sunscreen use. CONCLUSION: Converging evidence from different measures underlines the beneficial effect of sun exposure on MS risk.
Authors: Darius Häusler; Sebastian Torke; Evelyn Peelen; Thomas Bertsch; Marija Djukic; Roland Nau; Catherine Larochelle; Scott S Zamvil; Wolfgang Brück; Martin S Weber Journal: Brain Date: 2019-09-01 Impact factor: 13.501
Authors: Prince Sebastian; Nicolas Cherbuin; Lisa F Barcellos; Shelly Roalstad; Charles Casper; Janace Hart; Gregory S Aaen; Lauren Krupp; Leslie Benson; Mark Gorman; Meghan Candee; Tanuja Chitnis; Manu Goyal; Benjamin Greenberg; Soe Mar; Moses Rodriguez; Jennifer Rubin; Teri Schreiner; Amy Waldman; Bianca Weinstock-Guttman; Jennifer Graves; Emmanuelle Waubant; Robyn Lucas Journal: Neurology Date: 2021-12-08 Impact factor: 9.910