Han Woong Lim1, Dong Eik Lee1, Jung Wook Lee1, Min Ho Kang1, Mincheol Seong1, Hee Yoon Cho1, Jae-Eung Oh2, Sei Yeul Oh3. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. 2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Hanyang University, Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: syoh@skku.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To measure the maximum angle of ocular versions using photographs of the 9 cardinal positions and a modified limbus test. DESIGN: An evaluation of diagnostic technology; a prospective observational study. PARTICIPANTS: We enrolled 104 healthy subjects, 20 to 40 years of age. METHODS: Photographs were obtained in the 9 cardinal positions of gaze and the images were processed using Photoshop. The images were analyzed using the Image J program to measure the angle of version. The maximum angle of the 9 cardinal positions was quantified using a modified limbus test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured the maximum angle of ocular versions in the 9 cardinal positions of gaze. We also compared the results for males and females. RESULTS: The mean angles of maximum version were adduction 47.4°, abduction 46.4°, elevation 31.8°, depression 47.8°, elevation in adduction 39.7°, elevation in abduction 40.7°, depression in adduction 52.7°, and depression in abduction 49.2°. The mean angle of maximum elevation was significantly smaller than that of depression (P <0.001). There were no correlations between the angle of maximum version and age, spherical equivalents, or axial length. The angle of maximum version for males was significantly greater than that for females, except for inferior gaze. CONCLUSIONS: A modified limbus test using photographs of the 9 cardinal positions is an objective and reproducible tool for quantifying ocular movement. Considering its simplicity, ease of use, and low cost, it has clear applications in clinical practice.
PURPOSE: To measure the maximum angle of ocular versions using photographs of the 9 cardinal positions and a modified limbus test. DESIGN: An evaluation of diagnostic technology; a prospective observational study. PARTICIPANTS: We enrolled 104 healthy subjects, 20 to 40 years of age. METHODS: Photographs were obtained in the 9 cardinal positions of gaze and the images were processed using Photoshop. The images were analyzed using the Image J program to measure the angle of version. The maximum angle of the 9 cardinal positions was quantified using a modified limbus test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured the maximum angle of ocular versions in the 9 cardinal positions of gaze. We also compared the results for males and females. RESULTS: The mean angles of maximum version were adduction 47.4°, abduction 46.4°, elevation 31.8°, depression 47.8°, elevation in adduction 39.7°, elevation in abduction 40.7°, depression in adduction 52.7°, and depression in abduction 49.2°. The mean angle of maximum elevation was significantly smaller than that of depression (P <0.001). There were no correlations between the angle of maximum version and age, spherical equivalents, or axial length. The angle of maximum version for males was significantly greater than that for females, except for inferior gaze. CONCLUSIONS: A modified limbus test using photographs of the 9 cardinal positions is an objective and reproducible tool for quantifying ocular movement. Considering its simplicity, ease of use, and low cost, it has clear applications in clinical practice.
Authors: Cristiane de Almeida Leite; Thaís de Sousa Pereira; Jeane Chiang; Allan C Pieroni Gonçalves; Mário L R Monteiro Journal: J Ophthalmol Date: 2020-07-31 Impact factor: 1.909
Authors: Yeji Moon; Won June Lee; Seung Hak Shin; Ji Young Lee; Su-Jae Lee; Byoung-Woo Ko; Han Woong Lim Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2021-12-01 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Bianca A W Hoeben; Enrica Seravalli; Amber M L Wood; Mirjam Bosman; Witold P Matysiak; John H Maduro; Astrid L H M W van Lier; Matteo Maspero; Gijsbert H Bol; Geert O Janssens Journal: Clin Transl Radiat Oncol Date: 2021-08-29
Authors: Yena Christina Kang; Hee Kyung Yang; Young Jae Kim; Jeong-Min Hwang; Kwang Gi Kim Journal: Biomed Res Int Date: 2022-03-24 Impact factor: 3.411
Authors: Laura Alves de Figueiredo; João Victor Pacheco Dias; Mariza Polati; Pedro Carlos Carricondo; Iara Debert Journal: Transl Vis Sci Technol Date: 2021-06-01 Impact factor: 3.283