Maya B Lodish1, Evgenia Gourgari2, Ninet Sinaii3, Suvimol Hill4, Laura Libuit2, Spyridon Mastroyannis2, Margaret Keil2, Dalia L Batista5, Constantine A Stratakis2. 1. Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Electronic address: lodishma@mail.nih.gov. 2. Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. 3. Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD. 4. Department of Radiology, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD. 5. Department of Pediatrics Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess skeletal maturity by measuring bone age (BA) in children with Cushing syndrome (CS) before and 1-year after transsphenoidal surgery or adrenalectomy, and to correlate BA with hormone levels and other measurements. STUDY DESIGN: This case series conducted at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center included 93 children with Cushing disease (CD) (43 females; mean age, 12.3 ± 2.9 years) and 31 children with adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent CS (AICS) (22 females, mean age 10.3 ± 4.5 years). BA was obtained before surgery and at follow-up. Outcome measures were comparison of BA in CD vs AICS and analysis of the effects of hypercortisolism, insulin excess, body mass index, and androgen excess on BA. RESULTS: Twenty-six of the 124 children (21.0%) had advanced BA, compared with the expected general population prevalence of 2.5% (P < .0001). Only 4 of 124 (3.2%) had delayed BA. The majority of children (76%) had normal BA. The average BA z-score was similar in the children with CD and those with AICS (0.6 ± 1.4 vs 0.5 ± 1.8; P = .8865). Body mass index SDS and normalized values of dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androsteonedione, estradiol, and testosterone were all significantly higher in the children with advanced BA vs those with normal or delayed BA. Fifty-nine children who remained in remission from CD had follow-up BA 1.2 ± 0.3 years after transsphenoidal surgery, demonstrating decreased BA z-score (1.0 ± 1.6 vs 0.3 ± 1.4; P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Contrary to common belief, endogenous CS in children appears to be associated with normal or even advanced skeletal maturation. When present, BA advancement in CS is related to obesity, insulin resistance, and elevated adrenal androgen levels and aromatization. This finding may have significant implications for treatment decisions and final height predictions in these children. Published by Mosby, Inc.
OBJECTIVE: To assess skeletal maturity by measuring bone age (BA) in children with Cushing syndrome (CS) before and 1-year after transsphenoidal surgery or adrenalectomy, and to correlate BA with hormone levels and other measurements. STUDY DESIGN: This case series conducted at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center included 93 children with Cushing disease (CD) (43 females; mean age, 12.3 ± 2.9 years) and 31 children with adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent CS (AICS) (22 females, mean age 10.3 ± 4.5 years). BA was obtained before surgery and at follow-up. Outcome measures were comparison of BA in CD vs AICS and analysis of the effects of hypercortisolism, insulin excess, body mass index, and androgen excess on BA. RESULTS: Twenty-six of the 124 children (21.0%) had advanced BA, compared with the expected general population prevalence of 2.5% (P < .0001). Only 4 of 124 (3.2%) had delayed BA. The majority of children (76%) had normal BA. The average BA z-score was similar in the children with CD and those with AICS (0.6 ± 1.4 vs 0.5 ± 1.8; P = .8865). Body mass index SDS and normalized values of dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androsteonedione, estradiol, and testosterone were all significantly higher in the children with advanced BA vs those with normal or delayed BA. Fifty-nine children who remained in remission from CD had follow-up BA 1.2 ± 0.3 years after transsphenoidal surgery, demonstrating decreased BA z-score (1.0 ± 1.6 vs 0.3 ± 1.4; P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Contrary to common belief, endogenous CS in children appears to be associated with normal or even advanced skeletal maturation. When present, BA advancement in CS is related to obesity, insulin resistance, and elevated adrenal androgen levels and aromatization. This finding may have significant implications for treatment decisions and final height predictions in these children. Published by Mosby, Inc.
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