BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) showed robust neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties after stroke in rodents but failed to meet study end points in patients. Because immunologic side effects of GCSF may have escaped preclinical testing because of nonallometric dose translation, we hypothesized those as possible reasons. METHODS: Stroke was induced in C57BL/6 mice by 45-minute filament middle cerebral artery occlusion. GCSF was administered at 50 and 832.5 μg/kg body weight. Treatment was controlled by vehicle injection, sham surgery, and naive animals. Immune cell counts were assessed in blood, spleen, and brain by multidimensional flow cytometry 1 day after stroke. RESULTS: High-dose GCSF significantly altered myeloid and T-cell subpopulations in blood and spleen and caused a tremendous increase of monocytes/macrophages infiltrating the ischemic brain. CONCLUSIONS: Dose-dependent immunomodulation superimposes central nervous system-specific effects of GCSF after stroke. Adaption of dose or treatment time may overcome this drawback.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) showed robust neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties after stroke in rodents but failed to meet study end points in patients. Because immunologic side effects of GCSF may have escaped preclinical testing because of nonallometric dose translation, we hypothesized those as possible reasons. METHODS:Stroke was induced in C57BL/6 mice by 45-minute filament middle cerebral artery occlusion. GCSF was administered at 50 and 832.5 μg/kg body weight. Treatment was controlled by vehicle injection, sham surgery, and naive animals. Immune cell counts were assessed in blood, spleen, and brain by multidimensional flow cytometry 1 day after stroke. RESULTS: High-dose GCSF significantly altered myeloid and T-cell subpopulations in blood and spleen and caused a tremendous increase of monocytes/macrophages infiltrating the ischemic brain. CONCLUSIONS: Dose-dependent immunomodulation superimposes central nervous system-specific effects of GCSF after stroke. Adaption of dose or treatment time may overcome this drawback.
Authors: Pamela W M Kleikers; Carlijn Hooijmans; Eva Göb; Friederike Langhauser; Sarah S J Rewell; Kim Radermacher; Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga; David W Howells; Christoph Kleinschnitz; Harald H H W Schmidt Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2015-08-27 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Nikola Sprigg; Rebecca O'Connor; Lisa Woodhouse; Kailash Krishnan; Timothy J England; Louise A Connell; Marion F Walker; Philip M Bath Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-09-09 Impact factor: 3.240