Consuelo Barreto Fernandes1, Jairo Torres Magalhães Junior1, Clauceane de Jesus1, Bárbara Maria Paraná da Silva Souza2, Daniela Farias Larangeira3, Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga4, Patricia Sampaio Tavares Veras5, Stella Maria Barrouin-Melo6. 1. Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil. 2. Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, HOSPMEV, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil. 3. Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil; Departament of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology and Clinics of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil. 4. Departament of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Laboratory of Pathology and Bio-Intervention, Gonçalo Moniz Research Center-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, BA, Brazil. 5. Laboratory of Pathology and Bio-Intervention, Gonçalo Moniz Research Center-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, BA, Brazil. 6. Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil; Departament of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology and Clinics of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil. Electronic address: barrouin@ufba.br.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The incidence of zoonotic canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) would decrease if dogs were effectively vaccinated; however, additional data on the efficacy of canine vaccines are required for their approved preventative use. PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate vaccination outcomes using two products commercially available in Brazil, with respect to adverse reactions (reactogenicity), humoral response, disease signs, parasitism, and parasite infectiousness in naturally exposed pet dogs in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). METHODS: From 2010 to 2012, healthy dogs were vaccinated with Leishmune(®) (50 animals) or Leish-Tec(®) (50 animals). Each dog was examined to identify clinical signs during peri- and post-vaccination procedures every 2 months for 11 months to identify the presence of parasites or parasite DNA in splenic samples using culturing or PCR, respectively. Levels of anti-Leishmania IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 were quantified in sera by ELISA and infectiousness was assessed by xenodiagnosis. RESULTS: Adverse effects occurred in 2.2% (1/45) and 13.0% (6/46) of the animals in the Leishmune(®) and Leish-Tec(®) groups, respectively. IgG levels peaked on the 21st day following the first dose of Leishmune(®) and on the 21st day after the second dose of Leish-Tec(®). The final seropositivity rate for IgG was 32.5% (13/40) and 30.9% (13/42) in the Leishmune(®) and Leish-Tec(®) groups, respectively. The Leishmune(®) group presented higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2 compared to the Leish-Tec(®) group (p<0.001), and ELISA reactivity in both vaccinated groups was significantly lower (p<0.001) than in infected positive control dogs. Parasitism was observed in 12.2% (5/41) of the Leishmune(®) group, and 7.9% (3/38) of the Leish-Tec(®) group, with xenodiagnostic transmission rates of Leishmania to Lutzomyia longipalpis of 5.1% (2/39), and 5.4% (2/37), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were observed in dogs vaccinated with Leishmune(®) or Leish-Tec(®), with respect to LVC clinical aspects, parasitism, IgG seropositivity, or dog infectiousness. The Leishmune(®)-vaccinated animals presented higher levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2. The animals vaccinated with Leish-Tec(®) exhibited adverse reactions with greater frequency and severity.
BACKGROUND: The incidence of zoonotic caninevisceral leishmaniasis (CVL) would decrease if dogs were effectively vaccinated; however, additional data on the efficacy of canine vaccines are required for their approved preventative use. PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate vaccination outcomes using two products commercially available in Brazil, with respect to adverse reactions (reactogenicity), humoral response, disease signs, parasitism, and parasite infectiousness in naturally exposed pet dogs in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). METHODS: From 2010 to 2012, healthy dogs were vaccinated with Leishmune(®) (50 animals) or Leish-Tec(®) (50 animals). Each dog was examined to identify clinical signs during peri- and post-vaccination procedures every 2 months for 11 months to identify the presence of parasites or parasite DNA in splenic samples using culturing or PCR, respectively. Levels of anti-Leishmania IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 were quantified in sera by ELISA and infectiousness was assessed by xenodiagnosis. RESULTS: Adverse effects occurred in 2.2% (1/45) and 13.0% (6/46) of the animals in the Leishmune(®) and Leish-Tec(®) groups, respectively. IgG levels peaked on the 21st day following the first dose of Leishmune(®) and on the 21st day after the second dose of Leish-Tec(®). The final seropositivity rate for IgG was 32.5% (13/40) and 30.9% (13/42) in the Leishmune(®) and Leish-Tec(®) groups, respectively. The Leishmune(®) group presented higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2 compared to the Leish-Tec(®) group (p<0.001), and ELISA reactivity in both vaccinated groups was significantly lower (p<0.001) than in infected positive control dogs. Parasitism was observed in 12.2% (5/41) of the Leishmune(®) group, and 7.9% (3/38) of the Leish-Tec(®) group, with xenodiagnostic transmission rates of Leishmania to Lutzomyia longipalpis of 5.1% (2/39), and 5.4% (2/37), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were observed in dogs vaccinated with Leishmune(®) or Leish-Tec(®), with respect to LVC clinical aspects, parasitism, IgG seropositivity, or dog infectiousness. The Leishmune(®)-vaccinated animals presented higher levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2. The animals vaccinated with Leish-Tec(®) exhibited adverse reactions with greater frequency and severity.
Authors: E G Lopes; A P Sevá; F Ferreira; C M Nunes; L B Keid; R M Hiramoto; H L Ferreira; T M F S Oliveira; F G Ovallos; E A B Galati; T J Villegas; D V Bortoletto; S Y O B Valadas; R M Soares Journal: Epidemiol Infect Date: 2018-01-18 Impact factor: 4.434
Authors: Paul A Bates; Jerôme Depaquit; Eunice A B Galati; Shaden Kamhawi; Michele Maroli; Mary Ann McDowell; Albert Picado; Paul D Ready; O Daniel Salomón; Jeffrey J Shaw; Yara M Traub-Csekö; Alon Warburg Journal: Parasit Vectors Date: 2015-02-27 Impact factor: 3.876
Authors: Manuel Soto; Laura Corvo; Esther Garde; Laura Ramírez; Virginia Iniesta; Pedro Bonay; Carlos Gómez-Nieto; Víctor M González; M Elena Martín; Carlos Alonso; Eduardo A F Coelho; Aldina Barral; Manoel Barral-Netto; Salvador Iborra Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2015-05-08