Suetonia C Palmer1, Germaine Wong2, Samuel Iff3, Jean Yang4, Vivek Jayaswal4, Jonathan C Craig5, Elena Rochtchina6, Paul Mitchell6, Jie Jin Wang6, Giovanni F M Strippoli7. 1. Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand. 2. School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. 3. Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia. 4. School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. 5. School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia. 6. Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute and Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, C24 - Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. 7. School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro 66030, Italy Diaverum Scientific Office, Lund, Sweden Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Drinking eight glasses of fluid or water each day is widely believed to improve health, but evidence is sparse and conflicting. We aimed to investigate the association between fluid consumption and long-term mortality and kidney function. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal analysis within a prospective, population-based cohort study of 3858 men and women aged 49 years or older residing in Australia. Daily fluid intake from food and beverages not including water was measured using a food frequency questionnaire. We did multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard models for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and a boot-strapping procedure for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). RESULTS: Upper and lower quartiles of daily fluid intake corresponded to >3 L and <2 L, respectively. During a median follow-up of 13.1 years (total 43 093 years at risk), 1127 deaths (26.1 per 1000 years at risk) including 580 cardiovascular deaths (13.5 per 1000 years at risk) occurred. Daily fluid intake (per 250 mL increase) was not associated with all-cause [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-1.01)] or cardiovascular mortality [HR 0.98 (95% CI 0.95-1.01)]. Overall, eGFR reduced by 2.2 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) (SD 10.9) in the 1207 (31%) participants who had repeat creatinine measurements and this was not associated with fluid intake [adjusted regression coefficient 0.06 mL/min/1.73 m(2) per 250 mL increase (95% CI -0.03 to 0.14)]. CONCLUSIONS: Fluid intake from food and beverages excluding water is not associated with improved kidney function or reduced mortality.
BACKGROUND: Drinking eight glasses of fluid or water each day is widely believed to improve health, but evidence is sparse and conflicting. We aimed to investigate the association between fluid consumption and long-term mortality and kidney function. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal analysis within a prospective, population-based cohort study of 3858 men and women aged 49 years or older residing in Australia. Daily fluid intake from food and beverages not including water was measured using a food frequency questionnaire. We did multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard models for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and a boot-strapping procedure for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). RESULTS: Upper and lower quartiles of daily fluid intake corresponded to >3 L and <2 L, respectively. During a median follow-up of 13.1 years (total 43 093 years at risk), 1127 deaths (26.1 per 1000 years at risk) including 580 cardiovascular deaths (13.5 per 1000 years at risk) occurred. Daily fluid intake (per 250 mL increase) was not associated with all-cause [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-1.01)] or cardiovascular mortality [HR 0.98 (95% CI 0.95-1.01)]. Overall, eGFR reduced by 2.2 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) (SD 10.9) in the 1207 (31%) participants who had repeat creatinine measurements and this was not associated with fluid intake [adjusted regression coefficient 0.06 mL/min/1.73 m(2) per 250 mL increase (95% CI -0.03 to 0.14)]. CONCLUSIONS: Fluid intake from food and beverages excluding water is not associated with improved kidney function or reduced mortality.
Authors: Richard J Johnson; Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe; Carlos Roncal-Jimenez; Miguel A Lanaspa; Takuji Ishimoto; Takahiko Nakagawa; Ricardo Correa-Rotter; Catharina Wesseling; Lise Bankir; Laura G Sanchez-Lozada Journal: Nat Rev Nephrol Date: 2014-05-06 Impact factor: 28.314