Sleep-disordered breathing and stroke: therapeutic approaches.

The majority of stroke patients have clinically significant obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Also, recent evidence demonstrates that OSA serves as an independent risk factor for stroke. Treatment of OSA following stroke is associated with neurologic and functional improvements, as well as long-term reduced risk of cardiovascular events. Identification of stroke patients at risk of OSA and subsequent diagnosis and treatment is essential in stroke recovery and reducing recurrent stroke risk. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the standard modality of treating OSA, is highly effective, but is often inadequately tolerated by stroke patients. Education and medical provider support are essential in establishing CPAP use in this population. However, in cases where CPAP therapy is not feasible, it is important for clinicians to be familiar with alternative modalities in treating OSA.