Nitrogen depletion and small R3-MYB transcription factors affecting anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis leaves.

Ternary complexes consisting of a R2R3-MYB, a bHLH and a WD40 protein (MBW complexes) regulate trichome formation and anthocyanin synthesis in plants. Small R3-MYBs interact with the MBW complexes to exert a negative feedback, and thereby participate in regulation of epidermal cell fate, for example trichome numbers and clustering in leaves. In Arabidopsis thaliana, GL3, a bHLH transcription factor, is important in the MBW complex regulating trichome formation as well as in the MBW complex induced by nitrogen depletion and promoting anthocyanin formation. The small R3-MYBs: CPC, TRY, ETC1, ETC2, ETC3/CPL3, TCL1, MYBL2, are all known to interact with GL3. We here investigated these R3-MYBs in leaves of Arabidopsis rosette stage plants under nitrogen depletion to examine if the small MYBs would interfere with anthocyanin accumulation in plants under normal (autotrophic) growth conditions. CPC expression was enhanced two-fold in response to nitrogen depletion, and ETC3/CPL3 expression was enhanced by almost an order of magnitude (9×). Knockout of ETC3/CPL3 did not influence anthocyanin accumulation, but the results establish ETC3/CPL3 as a nitrate regulated gene and a putative candidate for being involved in nitrate status signaling and root development. Other R3-MYBs tested were not significantly influenced by nitrogen depletion. In conclusion, only CPC expression increased and clearly exerted a negative feedback on anthocyanin accumulation during nitrogen starvation in rosette leaves.