Neil M Vora1, Robert C Holman, Jason M Mehal, Claudia A Steiner, Jesse Blanton, James Sejvar. 1. From the Epidemic Intelligence Service (N.M.V.) and Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology (N.M.V., R.C.H., J.M.M., J.B., J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; and Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (C.A.S.), Center for Delivery, Organizations, and Markets, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the burden of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations in the United States for 1998-2010. METHODS: Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a nationally representative database of hospitalizations, estimated numbers and rates of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations for 1998-2010 were calculated. Etiology and outcome of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations were examined, as well as accompanying diagnoses listed along with encephalitis on the discharge records. Total hospital charges (in 2010 US dollars) were assessed. RESULTS: An estimated 263,352 (standard error: 3,017) encephalitis-associated hospitalizations occurred in the United States during 1998-2010, which corresponds to an average of 20,258 (standard error: 232) encephalitis-associated hospitalizations per year. A fatal outcome occurred in 5.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.6%-6.0%) of all encephalitis-associated hospitalizations and in 10.1% (95% CI: 9.2%-11.2%) and 17.1% (95% CI: 14.6%-20.0%) of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations in which a code for HIV or a tissue or organ transplant was listed, respectively. The proportion of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations in which an etiology for encephalitis was specified was 50.3% (95% CI: 49.6%-51.0%) and that for which the etiology was unspecified was 49.7% (95% CI: 49.0%-50.4%). Total charges for encephalitis-associated hospitalizations in 2010 were an estimated $2.0 billion. CONCLUSIONS: Encephalitis remains a major public health concern in the United States. Among the large number of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations for which an etiology is not reported may be novel infectious and noninfectious forms of encephalitis. Associated conditions such as HIV or transplantation increase the risk of a fatal outcome from an encephalitis-associated hospitalization and should be monitored.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the burden of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations in the United States for 1998-2010. METHODS: Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a nationally representative database of hospitalizations, estimated numbers and rates of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations for 1998-2010 were calculated. Etiology and outcome of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations were examined, as well as accompanying diagnoses listed along with encephalitis on the discharge records. Total hospital charges (in 2010 US dollars) were assessed. RESULTS: An estimated 263,352 (standard error: 3,017) encephalitis-associated hospitalizations occurred in the United States during 1998-2010, which corresponds to an average of 20,258 (standard error: 232) encephalitis-associated hospitalizations per year. A fatal outcome occurred in 5.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.6%-6.0%) of all encephalitis-associated hospitalizations and in 10.1% (95% CI: 9.2%-11.2%) and 17.1% (95% CI: 14.6%-20.0%) of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations in which a code for HIV or a tissue or organ transplant was listed, respectively. The proportion of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations in which an etiology for encephalitis was specified was 50.3% (95% CI: 49.6%-51.0%) and that for which the etiology was unspecified was 49.7% (95% CI: 49.0%-50.4%). Total charges for encephalitis-associated hospitalizations in 2010 were an estimated $2.0 billion. CONCLUSIONS:Encephalitis remains a major public health concern in the United States. Among the large number of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations for which an etiology is not reported may be novel infectious and noninfectious forms of encephalitis. Associated conditions such as HIV or transplantation increase the risk of a fatal outcome from an encephalitis-associated hospitalization and should be monitored.
Authors: Julia C Haston; Christina A Rostad; Robert C Jerris; Sarah S Milla; Courtney McCracken; Catherine Pratt; Michael Wiley; Karla Prieto; Gustavo Palacios; Andi L Shane; Anita K McElroy Journal: J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc Date: 2020-07-13 Impact factor: 3.164
Authors: Divyanshu Dubey; Sean J Pittock; Cecilia R Kelly; Andrew McKeon; Alfonso Sebastian Lopez-Chiriboga; Vanda A Lennon; Avi Gadoth; Carin Y Smith; Sandra C Bryant; Christopher J Klein; Allen J Aksamit; Michel Toledano; Bradley F Boeve; Jan-Mendelt Tillema; Eoin P Flanagan Journal: Ann Neurol Date: 2018-01 Impact factor: 10.422