Combined treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone is effective for secondary amyloidosis with SAA1γ/γ genotype in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract A 41-year-old woman, who had been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), was admitted because of proteinuria, and rheumatoid and gastrointestinal symptoms just 1 year after onset. Renal biopsy revealed marked amyloid deposits of AA (amyloid A)-type. Genotyping of serum amyloid A (SAA) showed that she was homozygous for SAA1γ. Combined treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone led to remission of both RA disease activity and proteinuria. Since the renal dysfunction arose from amyloidosis, arrested renal deterioration and a remission of proteinuria would result from a reduction of amyloid deposits. Therefore, early usage of immunosuppresive therapy such as a combined treatment with these two medicines would be useful against systemic amyloidosis secondary to RA, even if the patient has the risky SAA1γ/γ genotype.