A series of logic gates based on electrochemical reduction of Pb2+ in self-assembled G-quadruplex on the gold electrode.

Direct reduction of Pb(2+) in self-assembled G-quadruplex on the gold electrode was first observed, which was applied in constructing a series of simple and reversible logic gates, such as one-input, two-input and three-input logic gates. Importantly, the largest scale of reversibility among two-input logic gates was achieved based on the reciprocal transformations of DNA.