Ståle Pallesen1, Børge Sivertsen2, Inger Hilde Nordhus3, Bjørn Bjorvatn4. 1. Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7807, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: staale.pallesen@psysp.uib.no. 2. Department of Public Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Kalfarveien 31, 5018 Bergen, Norway; Uni Health, Uni Research Bergen, P.O. Box 7810, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, Helse Fonna HF, P.O. Box 2170, N-5504 Haugesund, Norway. 3. Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7807, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. 4. Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the 10-year trend in the prevalence of insomnia symptoms, insomnia cases, and use of hypnotic agents in the adult Norwegian population. METHODS: Data from two representative surveys assessing identical insomnia symptoms in the adult population of Norway, one conducted in 1999-2000 (N=2001) and one conducted in 2009-2010 (N=2000), were compared. RESULTS: Controlling for basic demographic variables, significant increases were found over the 10-year study period in the prevalence of sleep-onset insomnia from 13.1% to 15.2%, dissatisfaction with sleep from 8.2% to 13.6%, daytime impairment from 14.8% to 18.8%, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) insomnia cases from 11.9% to 15.5%, and hypnotic agent use from 6.9% to 11.1%. No secular trend was found for maintenance insomnia or for early morning awakening insomnia. Across the two surveys, women reported a higher prevalence of insomnia than men. Age was positively associated with the prevalence of nocturnal sleep problems and use of hypnotic agents but was inversely associated with daytime impairment. Individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) reported a higher prevalence of several insomnia symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Insomnia seems to be on the rise in the general adult population, which gives reason for concern. Prevention of insomnia and cost-effective interventions should receive higher priority in the future.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the 10-year trend in the prevalence of insomnia symptoms, insomnia cases, and use of hypnotic agents in the adult Norwegian population. METHODS: Data from two representative surveys assessing identical insomnia symptoms in the adult population of Norway, one conducted in 1999-2000 (N=2001) and one conducted in 2009-2010 (N=2000), were compared. RESULTS: Controlling for basic demographic variables, significant increases were found over the 10-year study period in the prevalence of sleep-onset insomnia from 13.1% to 15.2%, dissatisfaction with sleep from 8.2% to 13.6%, daytime impairment from 14.8% to 18.8%, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) insomnia cases from 11.9% to 15.5%, and hypnotic agent use from 6.9% to 11.1%. No secular trend was found for maintenance insomnia or for early morning awakening insomnia. Across the two surveys, women reported a higher prevalence of insomnia than men. Age was positively associated with the prevalence of nocturnal sleep problems and use of hypnotic agents but was inversely associated with daytime impairment. Individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) reported a higher prevalence of several insomnia symptoms. CONCLUSIONS:Insomnia seems to be on the rise in the general adult population, which gives reason for concern. Prevention of insomnia and cost-effective interventions should receive higher priority in the future.
Authors: Sutapa Mukherjee; Sanjay R Patel; Stefanos N Kales; Najib T Ayas; Kingman P Strohl; David Gozal; Atul Malhotra Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2015-06-15 Impact factor: 21.405
Authors: Armand M Ryden; Jennifer L Martin; Sean Matsuwaka; Constance H Fung; Joseph M Dzierzewski; Yeonsu Song; Michael N Mitchell; Lavinia Fiorentino; Karen R Josephson; Stella Jouldjian; Cathy A Alessi Journal: J Clin Sleep Med Date: 2019-04-15 Impact factor: 4.062