Insights into onco-cardiology: atrial fibrillation in cancer.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been found to occur with an increased frequency in patients with malignancies, particularly in those undergoing cancer surgery. The occurrence of AF in cancer may be related to comorbid states or a direct tumor effect or may represent a complication of cancer surgical or medical therapy, whereas inflammation may be a common denominator for both conditions. Treating AF in patients with malignancies is a challenge, especially in terms of antithrombotic therapy, because cancer may result in an increased risk of either thrombosis or hemorrhage and an unpredictable anticoagulation response, whereas thromboembolic risk prediction scores such as CHADS2 (Cardiac Failure, Hypertension, Age, Diabetes, and Stroke [doubled]) may not be applicable. The general lack of evidence imposes an individualized approach to the management of AF in those patients, although some general recommendations based on current guidelines in noncancer patients and the existing evidence in cancer patients, where available, may be outlined.