BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction (MI) is multifactorial, activation of innate immune system to induce inflammation has emerged as a key pathophysiological process in MI. NOD2, one member of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, plays an important role in the innate immune response. This study was to examine the role of NOD2 during MI. METHODS: MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery in wild type and NOD2(-/-) mice and cardiac fibroblasts were isolated. RESULTS: NOD2 expression was significantly increased in myocardium in post-MI mice. NOD2 deficiency improved cardiac dysfunction and remodeling after MI as evidenced by echocardiographic analysis, reduced the levels of cytokines, inflammatory cell infiltration and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity. In vitro, we further found that NOD2 activation induced the activation of MAPK signaling pathways, production of proinflammatory mediators and MMP-9 activity in cardiac fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies demonstrate that NOD2 is a critical component of a signal transduction pathway that links cardiac injury by exacerbation of inflammation and MMP-9 activity. Pharmacological targeting of NOD2-mediated signaling pathways may provide a novel approach to treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction (MI) is multifactorial, activation of innate immune system to induce inflammation has emerged as a key pathophysiological process in MI. NOD2, one member of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, plays an important role in the innate immune response. This study was to examine the role of NOD2 during MI. METHODS: MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery in wild type and NOD2(-/-) mice and cardiac fibroblasts were isolated. RESULTS:NOD2 expression was significantly increased in myocardium in post-MI mice. NOD2 deficiency improved cardiac dysfunction and remodeling after MI as evidenced by echocardiographic analysis, reduced the levels of cytokines, inflammatory cell infiltration and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity. In vitro, we further found that NOD2 activation induced the activation of MAPK signaling pathways, production of proinflammatory mediators and MMP-9 activity in cardiac fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies demonstrate that NOD2 is a critical component of a signal transduction pathway that links cardiac injury by exacerbation of inflammation and MMP-9 activity. Pharmacological targeting of NOD2-mediated signaling pathways may provide a novel approach to treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Authors: Kateryna Petrykey; Aziz M Rezgui; Mathilde Le Guern; Patrick Beaulieu; Pascal St-Onge; Simon Drouin; Laurence Bertout; Fan Wang; Jessica L Baedke; Yutaka Yasui; Melissa M Hudson; Marie-Josée Raboisson; Caroline Laverdière; Daniel Sinnett; Gregor U Andelfinger; Maja Krajinovic Journal: Pharmacogenomics Date: 2021-09-10 Impact factor: 2.638