BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is the representative thoracic minimally invasive surgery. Compared with traditional open surgery (TOS), VATS has an advantage of less invasiveness, quicker recovery and milder postoperative pain. The aim of this study is to compare the influences of VATS and conventional thoracotomic lobectomy on thyroid hormones in treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: From Oct. 2010 to Aug. 2012, 44 consecutive patients with NSCLC were recruited and divided into two groups: VATS group (25 patients) and TOS group (19 patients). All the patients were drawn blood to measure the plasma levels of free T3, free T4, reverse T3 and TSH on the morning of the day before surgery, the postoperative day (POD)1, POD2, POD3 and POD7. We described the perioperative variation trend of the thyroid hormones and compared the differences between VATS group and TOS group. RESULTS: There were no differences of thyroid hormone levels between the two groups before surgery. After surgery, the levels of FT3 and TSH were first dropped, then elevated and reached the lowest level on POD3 and POD1 separately. On POD7, they regained the before-surgery levels in VATS group while FT3 level was still significantly lower in TOS group (P=0.032). The FT4 and rT3 levels were first elevated, and then dropped after surgery. They both reached the peak concentrations on POD2, and rT3 levels of TOS group were significantly higher than those of VATS group on POD1, POD2 and POD3 (P<0.05). The changes of FT3 and rT3 levels were beyond normal ranges while changes of FT4 and TSH levels were within normal ranges. When variation trend of all the thyroid hormones were compared between the two groups, only rT3 level was found to have significant statistical differences (F=7.557, P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: All NSCLC patients after lobectomy have Euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS). Compared with traditional thoracotomy, VATS surgery has smaller influence on perioperative thyroid hormones and demonstrates a weaker acute stress reaction, which can benefit postoperative recovery of NSCLC patients.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is the representative thoracic minimally invasive surgery. Compared with traditional open surgery (TOS), VATS has an advantage of less invasiveness, quicker recovery and milder postoperative pain. The aim of this study is to compare the influences of VATS and conventional thoracotomic lobectomy on thyroid hormones in treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: From Oct. 2010 to Aug. 2012, 44 consecutive patients with NSCLC were recruited and divided into two groups: VATS group (25 patients) and TOS group (19 patients). All the patients were drawn blood to measure the plasma levels of free T3, free T4, reverse T3 and TSH on the morning of the day before surgery, the postoperative day (POD)1, POD2, POD3 and POD7. We described the perioperative variation trend of the thyroid hormones and compared the differences between VATS group and TOS group. RESULTS: There were no differences of thyroid hormone levels between the two groups before surgery. After surgery, the levels of FT3 and TSH were first dropped, then elevated and reached the lowest level on POD3 and POD1 separately. On POD7, they regained the before-surgery levels in VATS group while FT3 level was still significantly lower in TOS group (P=0.032). The FT4 and rT3 levels were first elevated, and then dropped after surgery. They both reached the peak concentrations on POD2, and rT3 levels of TOS group were significantly higher than those of VATS group on POD1, POD2 and POD3 (P<0.05). The changes of FT3 and rT3 levels were beyond normal ranges while changes of FT4 and TSH levels were within normal ranges. When variation trend of all the thyroid hormones were compared between the two groups, only rT3 level was found to have significant statistical differences (F=7.557, P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: All NSCLCpatients after lobectomy have Euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS). Compared with traditional thoracotomy, VATS surgery has smaller influence on perioperative thyroid hormones and demonstrates a weaker acute stress reaction, which can benefit postoperative recovery of NSCLCpatients.
Clinical and surgical characteristics of patients of VATS and TOS group
Characteristic
VATS group
TOS group
P
LUL: left upper lobe; LLL: left lower lobe; RUL: right upper lobe; RML: right middle lobe; RLL: right lower lobe; NS indicates lack of significant differences; VATS: video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; TOS: traditional open surgery.
Numbers
25
19
Age (year)
61.56±10.20
62.58±10.70
NS
Sex (Male/Female)
15/10
10/9
FEV1 (L)
2.49±0.68
2.54±0.63
NS
Tumor diameter (cm)
3.52±1.17
3.83±1.83
NS
Duration of surgery (min)
160.60±48.03
209.60±81.8
NS
Tumor location
LUL
5
9
LLL
5
6
RUL
11
2
RML
2
0
RLL
2
2
Histology
Adenocarcinoma
18
14
Squamous cell carcinoma
6
5
Large cell carcinoma
1
0
TNM stage
Ⅰ
18
10
Ⅱ
2
4
Ⅲa
5
5
Numbers of lymph nodes dissected
19.60±9.20
15.90±8.80
NS
Groups of lymph nondes dissected
5.16±1.03
4.84±1.12
NS
VATS及TOS组患者临床及手术资料Clinical and surgical characteristics of patients of VATS and TOS group围手术期甲状腺激素水平的变化趋势及两组间比较(图 1)。术前两组各甲状腺功能指标均在正常值范围内,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。FT3水平两组术后均呈现先降低后升高的变化规律,于术后第3天达到最低水平,后逐渐升高,术后第7天时已恢复至正常值范围,术后第7天与术前比较,VATS组已无统计学差异(P=0.057),TOS组仍明显低于术前(P=0.032)。FT4水平两组术后均呈现先升高后降低的变化规律,于术后第2天达到峰值,之后下降,术后第3天已恢复至术前水平(P>0.05),术后第7天时较前略升高。rT3水平术后两组均呈现先升高后降低的变化规律,术后第2天达到峰值,后逐渐下降,术后第7天时已接近正常值范围,但仍高于术前水平(P < 0.05)。术后第1天、2天、3天TOS组rT3水平均明显高于VATS组(P < 0.05)。TSH水平两组术后均呈现先下降后升高的变化规律,于术后第1天达到最低水平,后逐渐升高,术后第7天时已恢复至术前水平。FT3、rT3的变化均超出正常值范围,FT4、TSH的变化均在正常值范围内。两组间各指标变化趋势比较,仅rT3的变化两组间有明显统计学差异(F=7.557, P=0.009),余变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
Comparison of the changes of perioperative thyroid hormones between VATS and TOS group. Time 1: the day before surgery; Time 2: the first day after surgery; Time 3: the second day after surgery; Time 4: the third day after surgery; Time 5: the seventh day after surgery. Normal ranges of thyroid hormones: FT3: 2.3 pg/mL-4.2pg/mL; FT4: 0.89 ng/dL-1.76 ng/dL; TSH: 0.35 μIU/mL-5.5 μIU/mL; RT3: 32.5 ng/dL-66.4 ng/dL.
围手术期VATS组及TOS组甲状腺激素变化的比较。Time 1:术前1天;Time 2:术后第1天;Time 3:术后第2天;Time 4:术后第3天;Time 5:术后第7天。各甲状腺功能指标正常值范围:FT3:2.3 pg/mL-4.2 pg/mL;FT4:0.89 ng/dL-1.76 ng/dL;TSH:0.35 μIU/mL-5.5 μIU/mL;RT3:32.5 ng/dL-66.4 ng/dL。Comparison of the changes of perioperative thyroid hormones between VATS and TOS group. Time 1: the day before surgery; Time 2: the first day after surgery; Time 3: the second day after surgery; Time 4: the third day after surgery; Time 5: the seventh day after surgery. Normal ranges of thyroid hormones: FT3: 2.3 pg/mL-4.2pg/mL; FT4: 0.89 ng/dL-1.76 ng/dL; TSH: 0.35 μIU/mL-5.5 μIU/mL; RT3: 32.5 ng/dL-66.4 ng/dL.
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