Effect of in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs on cognitive function in children.

Epilepsy, being one of the most common neurological disorders, has raised concerns in developed and developing countries. Due to its heterogeneous pathophysiology and different cellular, molecular and genetic mechanisms, it is becoming a threat worldwide. Despite wide availability of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), epilepsy still remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among the pediatric and geriatric populations. Commonly available AED therapies include sodium and calcium channel blockers, GABA agonists, and potassium channel activists. Along with beneficial effects, AEDs have been known to cause teratogenic responses, learning disabilities, malfunctions of different organs, and drug-induced syndrome. Nowadays, AED-related cognitive impairment is emerging as a serious condition, affecting children born to epileptic women.