Aswini Kumar Giri1, Victor J Hruby. 1. University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , 1306 East University Boulevard, PO Box 210041, Tucson, AZ 85721 , USA hruby@u.arizona.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Current methods for treating prolonged and neuropathic pain are inadequate and lead to toxicities that greatly diminish quality of life. Therefore, new approaches to the treatment of pain states are needed to address these problems. AREAS COVERED: The review primarily reviews approaches that have been taken in the peer-reviewed literature of multivalent ligands that interact with both μ and δ opioid receptors as agonists, and in some cases, also with pharmacophores for antagonist ligands that interact with other receptors as antagonists to block pain. EXPERT OPINION: Although there are a number of drugs currently on the market for the treatment of pain; none of them are 100% successful. In the authors' opinion, it is clear that new directions and modalities are needed to better address the treatment of prolonged and neuropathic pain; one drug or class clearly is not the answer for all pain therapy. Undoubtedly, there are many different phenotypes of prolonged and neuropathic pain and this should be one avenue to further develop appropriate therapies.
INTRODUCTION: Current methods for treating prolonged and n class="Disease">neuropathic pain are inadequate and lead to toxicities that greatly diminish quality of life. Therefore, new approaches to the treatment of pain states are needed to address these problems. AREAS COVERED: The review primarily reviews approaches that have been taken in the peer-reviewed literature of multivalent ligands that interact with both μ and δ opioid receptors as agonists, and in some cases, also with pharmacophores for antagonist ligands that interact with other receptors as antagonists to block pain. EXPERT OPINION: Although there are a number of drugs currently on the market for the treatment of pain; none of them are 100% successful. In the authors' opinion, it is clear that new directions and modalities are needed to better address the treatment of prolonged and neuropathic pain; one drug or class clearly is not the answer for all pain therapy. Undoubtedly, there are many different phenotypes of prolonged and neuropathic pain and this should be one avenue to further develop appropriate therapies.
Authors: Steven Ballet; Aleksandra Misicka; Piotr Kosson; Carole Lemieux; Nga N Chung; Peter W Schiller; Andrzej W Lipkowski; Dirk Tourwé Journal: J Med Chem Date: 2008-03-28 Impact factor: 7.446
Authors: P J Horan; A Mattia; E J Bilsky; S Weber; T P Davis; H I Yamamura; E Malatynska; S M Appleyard; J Slaninova; A Misicka Journal: J Pharmacol Exp Ther Date: 1993-06 Impact factor: 4.030
Authors: Katarzyna Filip; Marta Oleszczuk; Jacek Wójcik; Nga N Chung; Peter W Schiller; Danuta Pawlak; Agnieszka Zieleniak; Agnieszka Parcińska; Ewa Witkowska; Jan Izdebski Journal: J Pept Sci Date: 2005-06 Impact factor: 1.905
Authors: Małgorzata Ciszewska; Maria Kwasiborska; Michał Nowakowski; Marta Oleszczuk; Jacek Wójcik; Nga N Chung; Peter W Schiller; Jan Izdebski Journal: J Pept Sci Date: 2009-04 Impact factor: 1.905
Authors: Irena Berezowska; Carole Lemieux; Nga N Chung; Brian C Wilkes; Peter W Schiller Journal: Chem Biol Drug Des Date: 2009-08-20 Impact factor: 2.817
Authors: Srinivas Deekonda; David Rankin; Peg Davis; Josephine Lai; Frank Porreca; Victor J Hruby Journal: Bioorg Med Chem Lett Date: 2015-08-14 Impact factor: 2.823
Authors: Aswini Kumar Giri; Christopher R Apostol; Yue Wang; Brittany L Forte; Tally M Largent-Milnes; Peg Davis; David Rankin; Gabriella Molnar; Keith M Olson; Frank Porreca; Todd W Vanderah; Victor J Hruby Journal: J Med Chem Date: 2015-10-30 Impact factor: 7.446
Authors: Srinivas Deekonda; Jacob Cole; Sydney Sunna; David Rankin; Tally M Largent-Milnes; Peg Davis; Neemah M BassiriRad; Josephine Lai; Todd W Vanderah; Frank Porecca; Victor J Hruby Journal: Bioorg Med Chem Lett Date: 2015-11-03 Impact factor: 2.823
Authors: Felipe Dantas Silveira; Francisco Isaac Fernandes Gomes; Danielle Rocha do Val; Hermany Capistrano Freitas; Ellen Lima de Assis; Diana Kelly Castro de Almeida; Helyson Lucas Bezerra Braz; Francisco Geraldo Barbosa; Jair Mafezoli; Marcos Reinaldo da Silva; Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge; Juliana Trindade Clemente-Napimoga; Deiziane Viana da Silva Costa; Gerly Anne de Castro Brito; Vicente de Paulo Teixeira Pinto; Gerardo Cristino-Filho; Mirna Marques Bezerra; Hellíada Vasconcelos Chaves Journal: Front Neurosci Date: 2022-04-25 Impact factor: 5.152
Authors: Maria Dumitrascuta; Marcel Bermudez; Olga Trovato; Jolien De Neve; Steven Ballet; Gerhard Wolber; Mariana Spetea Journal: Molecules Date: 2021-05-28 Impact factor: 4.411