Prolongation of calcium action potentials by gamma-aminobutyric acid in primary sensory neurones of lamprey.

Intracellular recordings from primary mechanosensory neurones (dorsal cells) in the lamprey spinal cord were used to test the membrane effects of a variety of putative neuromodulatory agents. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) produced a dose-dependent increase in the duration of mixed Na-Ca or pure Ca action potentials in these cells. L-Glutamate and glycine produced minimal broadening of Ca action potentials. Acetylcholine, noradrenaline, serotonin, met-enkephalin, D-glutamate and dopamine had no effect. The pharmacology of GABA's action appeared to be complex. While the GABAA receptor antagonists, bicuculline, picrotoxin and curare, did not block GABA's effect, both the GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol, and the GABAB-receptor agonist, baclofen, occasionally broadened Ca action potentials in these cells. GABA had no effect on the resting potential, passive current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and pure Na action potential of dorsal cells, ruling out an action on passive membrane channels, transmitter-activated channels, or on those voltage-dependent channels activated during the Na action potential. Thus, GABA affected dorsal cells only when a significant Ca current was evident. GABA appeared not to increase the conductance of the Ca channels since its action was accompanied by an increase in input resistance, suggesting an inhibition of Ca-dependent conductance that normally acts to repolarize the membrane during a Ca action potential. An inhibitory effect of GABA on a Ca-dependent Cl conductance was ruled out in experiments where the Cl gradient was altered by removal of extracellular Cl without affecting GABA-induced Ca action potential prolongation. Dorsal cells have a prominent Ca-dependent K conductance (gK(Ca], and it is this conductance that GABA may inhibit. Consistent with this was the observation that the hyperpolarizing after-potential that follows Ca action potentials in dorsal cells, which reflects gK(Ca) in these cells and whose duration is normally increased when the Ca action potential duration increases, was not prolonged when the Ca action potential was broadened by GABA. Further, the failure of GABA to prolong Ba action potentials was consistent with this proposed mechanism of action, since Ba apparently does not activate gK(Ca) in these cells. Forskolin, a specific adenylate cyclase activator, caused broadening of Ca action potentials in lamprey dorsal cells comparable in magnitude to that of GABA. Thus, an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP is a candidate for the intracellular mediator of GABA's effect on these cells.