Marking urine and preputial gland secretion of male bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus L.) chemical analyses and behavioral tests.

Urine and preputial gland secretion of male bank voles were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) (selected ion monitoring, SIM). GC-MS analyses showed the presence of hexadecyl acetate in preputial gland secretion and in marking urine but not in metabolic urine. Female bank voles responded more strongly to marking urine of males than to metabolic urine, and they responded more to preputial gland secretion (pure or added to urine) than to metabolic urine. Dominant males spent more time and marked more frequently in response to hexadecyl acetate-enriched urine than to urine alone. The opposite reaction was shown by subordinate males. The results suggest that the acetate functions in the bank voles' dominance interactions.