Changes in pregnancy and childbirth practices in remote areas in Lao PDR within two generations of women: implications for maternity services.

This paper sheds light on the inter-generational changes in pregnancy and childbirth practices in remote areas of Lao PDR over a period of 30 years. The study consisted of focus group discussions with pregnant women aged 14-30, mothers and fathers of small children, and older women aged 40+ in six rural communities in two districts. Childbirth practices were gradually evolving and changing - most dramatically illustrated by the transition from forest-based to home-based delivery, and a few health facility-based deliveries when complications occurred. Today's generation of women aged 40+ did not recommend all the practices of their mothers, but saw the need to adapt due to the social and medical risks they had experienced, especially high rates of neonatal death. Their daughters are doing the same. The increase in home-based deliveries should be regarded as significant progress in this setting in rural Laos. Understanding how young women interpret their options and incorporating that knowledge and the experience of successful local outreach programmes into health system policy and practice for maternity care, e.g. by strengthening the skills of community-based health workers, could contribute to improving maternal and neonatal survival and reducing health inequalities.