Interspecific crossability studies in poplars.

Pollen-stigma interactions were studied with scanning electron microscopy in intraspecific and intersectional crosses of Populus tremuloides (Sect. LEUCE); P. deltoides, P. nigra (Sect. AIGEIROS); and P. trichocarpa (Sect. TACAMAHACA). Intraspecific variation in hydration, size of hydrated pollen grains, and tube morphology is described. Exine sculpture in P. tremuloides was densely spinulate or scabrate, in P. trichocarpa densely reticulate, in the other species somewhat intermediate. In six of seven intersectional cross combinations pollen-tube behavior on the stigmatic surface at 5-22 hours after pollination was the same as in conspecific matings; in P. tremuloides x P. trichocarpa crosses, the percentage of twisted and bulging tubes was significantly higher. Irradiated mentor pollen did not affect pollentube behavior of adjacent incompatible pollen, but increased hybrid seedling production in interspecific crosses. By contrast, hexane treatment of pollen or stigma, and the spraying of catkins with gibberellic acid or naphtalene acetic acid were ineffective. The results are discussed in relation to several mechanisms presumed to be involved in restricting gene exchange among poplar species; and in relation to Hogenboom's (1973) incongruity concept.