Using advanced noninvasive imaging techniques to probe the links between regional coronary artery endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.

Cardiovascular disease remains the number one cause of death in the US annually. The development in recent years of imaging strategies that can identify coronary endothelial dysfunction noninvasively provides new information about the early presence and local spatial heterogeneity of endothelial function in patients with, and those at risk for, coronary artery disease. In this article, we will briefly review the mechanisms relating endothelial function and atherosclerosis, contemporary imaging strategies now able to quantify coronary endothelial function noninvasively, and recent insights on human coronary endothelial function.