A cadaveric study of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist and its content tendons: anatomical variations in the Indian population.

de Quervain's disease is a commonly encountered problem; its management is multimodal, and often, there is recurrence which is commonly associated with anatomical variation in the first dorsal compartment of the wrist. Our purpose was to find out the anatomical variation of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist in the general population to assess the anatomical basis of de Quervain's disease and its recurrence. In this cadaveric study, 86 wrists in 46 patients were dissected to search out the first dorsal compartment of the wrist and its content tendons, presence of septa in the compartment, and insertion of the tendons. Supernumerary tendons in the first dorsal compartment were seen in 74.41 % of cases. The most commonly found tendon arrangement was two abductor pollicis longus (APL) and one extensor pollicis brevis (EPB). In all cases, there was a fixed insertion of APL to the base of the first metacarpal. Among other sites, the most common site of insertion of APL is the trapezium, which was 56.14 %. Variations of EPB with respect to number, site of insertion, thickness, and bilaterality were also found. The presence of septations was found in 37.20 % of dissected cadaveric wrists. We had found supernumerary tendons or slips in the first dorsal compartment very commonly. The presence of a septum was less frequently found. So, it may be concluded that there is immense anatomical variation present in the first dorsal compartment of the wrist, supernumerary tendons/tendon slips are commonly found, there is a variation of insertions present in the population, septum/aberrant compartment are also present, and bilateral variations are present in the population. These variations may be responsible for recurrence and unilateral affection in de Quervain's disease.