Kwisoon Choe1. 1. Department of Nursing, College of Natural Sciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, South Korea. Electronic address: choe1201@hanmail.net.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hope has received attention as a central component of recovery from mental illness; however, most instruments measuring hope were developed outside the mental health field. To measure the effects of mental health programs on hope in people with schizophrenia, a specialized scale is needed. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the psychometric properties of the newly developed 9-item Schizophrenia Hope Scale (SHS-9) designed to measure hope in individuals with schizophrenia. DESIGN: A descriptive survey design. SETTING: Participants were recruited from three psychiatric hospitals and two community mental health centers in South Korea. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 347 individuals over age 18 with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or schizophrenia spectrum disorders (competent to provide written informed consent) participated in this study; 149 (94 men, 55 women) completed a preliminary scale consisting of 40 revised items, and 198 (110 men, 88 women) completed the second scale of 17 items. METHODS: Scale items were first selected from extensive literature reviews and a qualitative study on hope in people with schizophrenia; the validity and reliability of a preliminary scale was then evaluated by an expert panel and exploratory factor analysis. The remaining 9 items forming the Schizophrenia Hope Scale (SHS-9) were evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: The SHS-9 demonstrates promising psychometric integrity. The internal consistency alpha coefficient was 0.92 with a score range of 0-18 and a mean total score of 12.06 (SD=4.96), with higher scores indicating higher levels of hope. Convergent validity was established by correlating the SHS-9 to the State-Trait Hope Inventory, r=0.61 (p<0.01). Divergent validity with the Beck Hopelessness Scale was also established, r=-0.55 (p<0.01). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a 1-factor solution, with the essential meaning of hope accounting for 61.77% of the total item variance. CONCLUSION: As hope has been shown to facilitate recovery from mental illness, the accurate assessment of hope provided by the short, easy-to-use Schizophrenia Hope Scale (SHS-9) may aid clinicians in improving the quality of life of individuals with schizophrenia.
BACKGROUND: Hope has received attention as a central component of recovery from mental illness; however, most instruments measuring hope were developed outside the mental health field. To measure the effects of mental health programs on hope in people with schizophrenia, a specialized scale is needed. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the psychometric properties of the newly developed 9-item Schizophrenia Hope Scale (SHS-9) designed to measure hope in individuals with schizophrenia. DESIGN: A descriptive survey design. SETTING:Participants were recruited from three psychiatric hospitals and two community mental health centers in South Korea. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 347 individuals over age 18 with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or schizophrenia spectrum disorders (competent to provide written informed consent) participated in this study; 149 (94 men, 55 women) completed a preliminary scale consisting of 40 revised items, and 198 (110 men, 88 women) completed the second scale of 17 items. METHODS: Scale items were first selected from extensive literature reviews and a qualitative study on hope in people with schizophrenia; the validity and reliability of a preliminary scale was then evaluated by an expert panel and exploratory factor analysis. The remaining 9 items forming the Schizophrenia Hope Scale (SHS-9) were evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: The SHS-9 demonstrates promising psychometric integrity. The internal consistency alpha coefficient was 0.92 with a score range of 0-18 and a mean total score of 12.06 (SD=4.96), with higher scores indicating higher levels of hope. Convergent validity was established by correlating the SHS-9 to the State-Trait Hope Inventory, r=0.61 (p<0.01). Divergent validity with the Beck Hopelessness Scale was also established, r=-0.55 (p<0.01). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a 1-factor solution, with the essential meaning of hope accounting for 61.77% of the total item variance. CONCLUSION: As hope has been shown to facilitate recovery from mental illness, the accurate assessment of hope provided by the short, easy-to-use Schizophrenia Hope Scale (SHS-9) may aid clinicians in improving the quality of life of individuals with schizophrenia.
Authors: Neil Thomas; John Farhall; Fiona Foley; Susan L Rossell; David Castle; Emma Ladd; Denny Meyer; Cathrine Mihalopoulos; Nuwan Leitan; Cassy Nunan; Rosalie Frankish; Tara Smark; Sue Farnan; Bronte McLeod; Leon Sterling; Greg Murray; Ellie Fossey; Lisa Brophy; Michael Kyrios Journal: BMC Psychiatry Date: 2016-09-07 Impact factor: 3.630
Authors: Neil Thomas; John Farhall; Fiona Foley; Nuwan Dominic Leitan; Kristi-Ann Villagonzalo; Emma Ladd; Cassy Nunan; Sue Farnan; Rosalie Frankish; Tara Smark; Susan L Rossell; Leon Sterling; Greg Murray; David Jonathon Castle; Michael Kyrios Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2016-12-23 Impact factor: 4.157