OBJECTIVE: To study the protective role of lower resting heart rate (RHR) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients (n=53,322) who received a baseline medical examination between January 1, 1974, and December 31, 2002, were recruited from the Cooper Clinic, Dallas, Texas. They completed a medical questionnaire and underwent clinical evaluation. Patients with CVD or cancer or who had less than 1 year of mortality follow-up were excluded from the study. Relative risks and 95% CIs for all-cause and CVD mortality across RHR categories were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Highest cardiorespiratory fitness with lower mortality was found in individuals with an RHR of less than 60 beats/min. Similarly, patients with a higher RHR (≥80 beats/min) were at greater risk for CVD and all-cause mortality compared with an RHR of less than 60 beats/min. This analysis was followed by stratification of the data by hypertension, where hypertensive individuals with high RHRs (≥80 beats/min) were found to be at greater risk for CVD and all-cause mortality compared with those with hypertension and lower RHRs (<60 beats/min). In addition, unfit individuals with high RHRs had the greatest risk of CVD and all-cause mortality. The unfit with low RHR group had a similar risk for CVD and all-cause mortality as the fit with high RHR group. CONCLUSION: Lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels and higher RHRs are linked to greater CVD and all-cause mortality.
OBJECTIVE: To study the protective role of lower resting heart rate (RHR) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients (n=53,322) who received a baseline medical examination between January 1, 1974, and December 31, 2002, were recruited from the Cooper Clinic, Dallas, Texas. They completed a medical questionnaire and underwent clinical evaluation. Patients with CVD or cancer or who had less than 1 year of mortality follow-up were excluded from the study. Relative risks and 95% CIs for all-cause and CVD mortality across RHR categories were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Highest cardiorespiratory fitness with lower mortality was found in individuals with an RHR of less than 60 beats/min. Similarly, patients with a higher RHR (≥80 beats/min) were at greater risk for CVD and all-cause mortality compared with an RHR of less than 60 beats/min. This analysis was followed by stratification of the data by hypertension, where hypertensive individuals with high RHRs (≥80 beats/min) were found to be at greater risk for CVD and all-cause mortality compared with those with hypertension and lower RHRs (<60 beats/min). In addition, unfit individuals with high RHRs had the greatest risk of CVD and all-cause mortality. The unfit with low RHR group had a similar risk for CVD and all-cause mortality as the fit with high RHR group. CONCLUSION: Lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels and higher RHRs are linked to greater CVD and all-cause mortality.
Authors: Paul D Thompson; David Buchner; Ileana L Pina; Gary J Balady; Mark A Williams; Bess H Marcus; Kathy Berra; Steven N Blair; Fernando Costa; Barry Franklin; Gerald F Fletcher; Neil F Gordon; Russell R Pate; Beatriz L Rodriguez; Antronette K Yancey; Nanette K Wenger Journal: Circulation Date: 2003-06-24 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Scott M Grundy; Carolyn E Barlow; Stephen W Farrell; Gloria L Vega; William L Haskell Journal: Am J Cardiol Date: 2012-01-03 Impact factor: 2.778
Authors: Bríain Ó Hartaigh; Laura C Lovato; Marco Pahor; Thomas W Buford; John A Dodson; Daniel E Forman; Matthew P Buman; Jamehl L Demons; Adam J Santanasto; Christine Liu; Michael E Miller; Mary McGrae McDermott; Thomas M Gill Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2016-10-27 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Raymond Noordam; Colleen M Sitlani; Christy L Avery; James D Stewart; Stephanie M Gogarten; Kerri L Wiggins; Stella Trompet; Helen R Warren; Fangui Sun; Daniel S Evans; Xiaohui Li; Jin Li; Albert V Smith; Joshua C Bis; Jennifer A Brody; Evan L Busch; Mark J Caulfield; Yii-Der I Chen; Steven R Cummings; L Adrienne Cupples; Qing Duan; Oscar H Franco; Rául Méndez-Giráldez; Tamara B Harris; Susan R Heckbert; Diana van Heemst; Albert Hofman; James S Floyd; Jan A Kors; Lenore J Launer; Yun Li; Ruifang Li-Gao; Leslie A Lange; Henry J Lin; Renée de Mutsert; Melanie D Napier; Christopher Newton-Cheh; Neil Poulter; Alexander P Reiner; Kenneth M Rice; Jeffrey Roach; Carlos J Rodriguez; Frits R Rosendaal; Naveed Sattar; Peter Sever; Amanda A Seyerle; P Eline Slagboom; Elsayed Z Soliman; Nona Sotoodehnia; David J Stott; Til Stürmer; Kent D Taylor; Timothy A Thornton; André G Uitterlinden; Kirk C Wilhelmsen; James G Wilson; Vilmundur Gudnason; J Wouter Jukema; Cathy C Laurie; Yongmei Liu; Dennis O Mook-Kanamori; Patricia B Munroe; Jerome I Rotter; Ramachandran S Vasan; Bruce M Psaty; Bruno H Stricker; Eric A Whitsel Journal: J Med Genet Date: 2016-12-30 Impact factor: 6.318