BACKGROUND/AIMS: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high prevalence of periodontal disease that may predispose to tooth loss and inflammation. The goal of this study was to test the hypotheses that a genetic rat model of progressive CKD would exhibit altered oral bone properties and that treatment with either bisphosphonates or calcium could attenuate these adverse changes. METHODS: At 25 weeks of age, rats were treated with zoledronate (ZOL), calcium gluconate, or their combination for 5 or 10 weeks. Mandible bone properties were assessed using micro-computed tomography to determine bone volume (BV/TV) and cementum-enamel junction to alveolar crest distance (CEJ-AC). RESULTS: Untreated CKD animals had significantly lower BV/TV at both 30 (-5%) and 35 (-14%) weeks of age and higher CEJ-AC (+27 and 29%) compared to normal animals. CKD animals had a significantly higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) compared to normal animals, yet similar levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). ZOL treatment normalized BV/TV over the first 5 weeks but this benefit was lost by 10 weeks. Calcium treatment, alone or in combination with ZOL, was effective in normalizing BV/TV at both time points. Neither ZOL nor calcium was able to correct the higher CEJ-AC caused by CKD. Calcium, but not ZOL, significantly reduced serum PTH, while neither treatment affected CRP. CONCLUSIONS: (i) This progressive animal model of CKD shows a clear mandibular skeletal phenotype consistent with periodontitis, (ii) the periodontitis is not associated with systemic inflammation as measured by CRP, and (iii) reducing PTH has positive effects on the mandible phenotype.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high prevalence of periodontal disease that may predispose to tooth loss and inflammation. The goal of this study was to test the hypotheses that a genetic rat model of progressive CKD would exhibit altered oral bone properties and that treatment with either bisphosphonates or calcium could attenuate these adverse changes. METHODS: At 25 weeks of age, rats were treated with zoledronate (ZOL), calcium gluconate, or their combination for 5 or 10 weeks. Mandible bone properties were assessed using micro-computed tomography to determine bone volume (BV/TV) and cementum-enamel junction to alveolar crest distance (CEJ-AC). RESULTS: Untreated CKD animals had significantly lower BV/TV at both 30 (-5%) and 35 (-14%) weeks of age and higher CEJ-AC (+27 and 29%) compared to normal animals. CKD animals had a significantly higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) compared to normal animals, yet similar levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). ZOL treatment normalized BV/TV over the first 5 weeks but this benefit was lost by 10 weeks. Calcium treatment, alone or in combination with ZOL, was effective in normalizing BV/TV at both time points. Neither ZOL nor calcium was able to correct the higher CEJ-AC caused by CKD. Calcium, but not ZOL, significantly reduced serum PTH, while neither treatment affected CRP. CONCLUSIONS: (i) This progressive animal model of CKD shows a clear mandibular skeletal phenotype consistent with periodontitis, (ii) the periodontitis is not associated with systemic inflammation as measured by CRP, and (iii) reducing PTH has positive effects on the mandible phenotype.
Authors: Xiaodong Li; Michael S Ominsky; Kelly S Warmington; Qing-Tian Niu; Franklin J Asuncion; Mauricio Barrero; Denise Dwyer; Mario Grisanti; Marina Stolina; Paul J Kostenuik; William S Simonet; Chris Paszty; Hua Zhu Ke Journal: Endocrinology Date: 2011-07-05 Impact factor: 4.736
Authors: Tara L Aghaloo; Ben Kang; Eric C Sung; Michael Shoff; Matthew Ronconi; Jack E Gotcher; Olga Bezouglaia; Sarah M Dry; Sotirios Tetradis Journal: J Bone Miner Res Date: 2011-08 Impact factor: 6.741
Authors: Melissa M Lee; Emily Y Chu; Mohga M El-Abbadi; Brian L Foster; Kevin A Tompkins; Cecilia M Giachelli; Martha J Somerman Journal: J Periodontol Date: 2010-02 Impact factor: 6.993
Authors: Jill D Bashutski; Robert M Eber; Janet S Kinney; Erika Benavides; Samopriyo Maitra; Thomas M Braun; William V Giannobile; Laurie K McCauley Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2010-10-16 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Sharon M Moe; Neal X Chen; Christopher L Newman; Jason M Organ; Michaela Kneissel; Ina Kramer; Vincent H Gattone; Matthew R Allen Journal: J Bone Miner Res Date: 2015-03 Impact factor: 6.741