Ferruccio Galletti1, Enrico Agabiti-Rosei, Giampaolo Bernini, Roberto Boero, Giovambattista Desideri, Francesco Fallo, Francesca Mallamaci, Alberto Morganti, Maurizio Castellano, Pietro Nazzaro, Bruno Trimarco, Pasquale Strazzullo. 1. aDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples Medical School, Naples bDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia cDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa dS.C. Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedale Martini, Torino, Torino eDepartment of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila fDepartment of Medicine, Clinica Medica 3, University of Padova, Padova gNephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IBIM, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria hDepartment of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Center, San Giuseppe Hospital, University of Milan, Milan iDepartment of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, Neurophysiopathology, Hypertension, University of Bari, Bari jDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to assess the age-specific, sex-specific, and region-specific average sodium and potassium intake and its association with anthropometric characteristics in a sample of the Italian adult hypertensive population. METHODS: A total of 1232 hypertensive patients were recruited consecutively by 47 centers recognized by the Italian Society of Hypertension. The enrolled participants were on stable antihypertensive treatment. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, 24-h urinary sodium, and potassium excretion were measured and used as proxy for the average daily sodium and potassium intake. RESULTS: The average sodium intake was 172 mmol (or 10.1 g of salt/day) among men and 138 (or 8.1) among women, with no difference among geographical areas. Over 90% of men and 81% of women had a consumption higher than the recommended standard dietary intake of 5 g/day. The average potassium intake was 63 and 56 mmol, respectively in men and women, again without geographical differences, nearly 92% of men and 95% of women having an intake lower than the recommended intake (100 mmol/day or 3.9 g/day). There was a significant trend to a gradual decrease in sodium intake with age in both sexes (P <0.001). There was also a direct association between BMI and sodium intake in both sexes, this association being independent of age (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In this national sample of the Italian hypertensive population, dietary sodium intake was largely higher and potassium intake much lower than the recommended intakes, and this was true for all geographical areas. Overweight and obese hypertensive patients had particularly high sodium intakes.
INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to assess the age-specific, sex-specific, and region-specific average sodium and potassium intake and its association with anthropometric characteristics in a sample of the Italian adult hypertensive population. METHODS: A total of 1232 hypertensivepatients were recruited consecutively by 47 centers recognized by the Italian Society of Hypertension. The enrolled participants were on stable antihypertensive treatment. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, 24-h urinary sodium, and potassium excretion were measured and used as proxy for the average daily sodium and potassium intake. RESULTS: The average sodium intake was 172 mmol (or 10.1 g of salt/day) among men and 138 (or 8.1) among women, with no difference among geographical areas. Over 90% of men and 81% of women had a consumption higher than the recommended standard dietary intake of 5 g/day. The average potassium intake was 63 and 56 mmol, respectively in men and women, again without geographical differences, nearly 92% of men and 95% of women having an intake lower than the recommended intake (100 mmol/day or 3.9 g/day). There was a significant trend to a gradual decrease in sodium intake with age in both sexes (P <0.001). There was also a direct association between BMI and sodium intake in both sexes, this association being independent of age (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In this national sample of the Italian hypertensive population, dietary sodium intake was largely higher and potassium intake much lower than the recommended intakes, and this was true for all geographical areas. Overweight and obese hypertensivepatients had particularly high sodium intakes.
Authors: Patrícia Teixeira Meirelles Villela; Eduardo Borges de-Oliveira; Paula Teixeira Meirelles Villela; Jose Maria Thiago Bonardi; Rodrigo Fenner Bertani; Julio Cesar Moriguti; Eduardo Ferriolli; Nereida K C Lima Journal: Arq Bras Cardiol Date: 2019-08-29 Impact factor: 2.000