Relationship between depressed mood and sex-typed personality characteristics in adolescents.

The current study investigated the relationship between self-reports of depressed mood, self-esteem, and endorsement of sex-typed personality characteristics in a normal adolescent population. For positively valenced (socially desirable) sex-typed characteristics, masculinity was inversely related to depression while femininity was not significantly related. In contrast, for negatively valenced sex-typed characteristics the masculine and feminine scales showed similar effects: all were positively correlated with depression. Self-esteem was the best single predictor of depression and none of the sextyped characteristics contributed significantly beyond that accounted for by self-esteem. The results support previous findings with younger children and high school students by demonstrating that sex-typed characteristics in adolescents are significantly associated with depression, although this relationship is accounted for by the variance shared with self-esteem, a more general measure of mental health. However, the presence of negative feminine-typed characteristics was as highly correlated with depression as the absence of positive masculine characteristics and both relationships were stronger for females than males. Thus the linkages between sex-role socialization, sex-typed characteristics, self-esteem, depressed mood, and clinical depression bear further investigation, and may prove useful in understanding the development of depression in males and females.