Eric Borsting1, G Lynn Mitchell2, L Eugene Arnold2, Mitchell Scheiman3, Christopher Chase4, Marjean Kulp2, Susan Cotter5. 1. Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA, USA eborsting@ketchum.edu. 2. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. 3. Salus University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 4. Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA. 5. Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated behavioral and emotional characteristics of children with convergence insufficiency (CI), before and after treatment with office-based vergence accommodative therapy (OBVAT). METHOD: Parents of 44 children ages 9 to 17 years with symptomatic CI completed the Conners 3 ADHD Index and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) before and after OBVAT. Pre-treatment scores were compared with normative data and post-treatment scores were compared with baseline using the Wilcoxon sign rank test. RESULTS: Following OBVAT, CI children showed a significant mean improvement (p < .0001, effect size of 0.58) on the Conners 3 ADHD Index with the largest changes occurring in the 23 children who scored the highest at baseline. On the CBCL, anxious/depressed, somatic, and internalizing problems improved significantly (p < .001, effect sizes of -0.36, -1.15, and -0.67, respectively). CONCLUSION: In an open trial, attention and internalizing problems improved significantly following treatment for CI.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated behavioral and emotional characteristics of children with convergence insufficiency (CI), before and after treatment with office-based vergence accommodative therapy (OBVAT). METHOD: Parents of 44 children ages 9 to 17 years with symptomatic CI completed the Conners 3 ADHD Index and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) before and after OBVAT. Pre-treatment scores were compared with normative data and post-treatment scores were compared with baseline using the Wilcoxon sign rank test. RESULTS: Following OBVAT, CI children showed a significant mean improvement (p < .0001, effect size of 0.58) on the Conners 3 ADHD Index with the largest changes occurring in the 23 children who scored the highest at baseline. On the CBCL, anxious/depressed, somatic, and internalizing problems improved significantly (p < .001, effect sizes of -0.36, -1.15, and -0.67, respectively). CONCLUSION: In an open trial, attention and internalizing problems improved significantly following treatment for CI.
Authors: Anne M Menjivar; Marjean T Kulp; G Lynn Mitchell; Andrew J Toole; Kathleen Reuter Journal: Clin Exp Optom Date: 2018-03-13 Impact factor: 2.742
Authors: Mitchell Scheiman; G Lynn Mitchell; Susan A Cotter; Marjean Kulp; Christopher Chase; Eric Borsting; Eugene Arnold; Carolyn Denton; Richard Hertle Journal: Vis Dev Rehabil Date: 2015-10
Authors: Anna Pease; Trudy Goodenough; Cath Borwick; Rose Watanabe; Christopher Morris; Cathy Williams Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2021-09-29 Impact factor: 2.692