Lone B Rasmussen1, Torben Jørgensen2, Hans Perrild3, Nils Knudsen3, Anne Krejbjerg4, Peter Laurberg4, Inge B Pedersen4, Lena Bjergved5, Lars Ovesen6. 1. Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark. Electronic address: lbra@food.dtu.dk. 2. Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark. 3. Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. 4. Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. 5. Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. 6. Department of Gastroenterology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Iodine fortification is widespread. Systematic monitoring of iodine fortification programs should be carried out to secure an optimal fortification level. Our aim was to investigate the effectiveness of the Danish iodine fortification program by comparing iodine excretion at baseline and at 11-year follow-up, and to study determinants for any change in iodine intake including dietary habits, education, life style factors and health parameters. METHODS: A follow-up study based on the Danish DanThyr cohort examined in 1997-1998 just before iodine fortification was introduced, and reexamined in 2008-2010. In total, 2465 (59.1%) adult participants were reexamined. RESULTS: Median (IQR) iodine concentration in urine had increased by 19 (-25-68) μg/L to 83 (47-133) μg/L. Estimated 24-h iodine excretion had increased by 36 (-21-95) μg/24-h to 134 (93-206), and calculated total iodine intake (diet plus supplements) had increased by 16 (-18-48) μg/day. Iodine excretion had increased significantly in all age and gender groups, but was still below the recommended amount at follow-up. The increase in iodine excretion was positively associated with changes in milk intake, with changes in the use of iodine supplements, and with bread intake at follow-up. Salt intake, education, self-rated health, smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity were not associated with the increase in iodine excretion. CONCLUSIONS: The strategy to combat iodine deficiency in Denmark seems to be working because the fortification led to increased urinary iodine excretion in (almost) all participants. However, the level of iodine fortification of salt is too low.
BACKGROUND & AIMS:Iodine fortification is widespread. Systematic monitoring of iodine fortification programs should be carried out to secure an optimal fortification level. Our aim was to investigate the effectiveness of the Danish iodine fortification program by comparing iodine excretion at baseline and at 11-year follow-up, and to study determinants for any change in iodine intake including dietary habits, education, life style factors and health parameters. METHODS: A follow-up study based on the Danish DanThyr cohort examined in 1997-1998 just before iodine fortification was introduced, and reexamined in 2008-2010. In total, 2465 (59.1%) adult participants were reexamined. RESULTS: Median (IQR) iodine concentration in urine had increased by 19 (-25-68) μg/L to 83 (47-133) μg/L. Estimated 24-h iodine excretion had increased by 36 (-21-95) μg/24-h to 134 (93-206), and calculated total iodine intake (diet plus supplements) had increased by 16 (-18-48) μg/day. Iodine excretion had increased significantly in all age and gender groups, but was still below the recommended amount at follow-up. The increase in iodine excretion was positively associated with changes in milk intake, with changes in the use of iodine supplements, and with bread intake at follow-up. Salt intake, education, self-rated health, smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity were not associated with the increase in iodine excretion. CONCLUSIONS: The strategy to combat iodine deficiency in Denmark seems to be working because the fortification led to increased urinary iodine excretion in (almost) all participants. However, the level of iodine fortification of salt is too low.
Authors: Stellena Mathiaparanam; Adriana Nori de Macedo; Andrew Mente; Paul Poirier; Scott A Lear; Andreas Wielgosz; Koon K Teo; Salim Yusuf; Philip Britz-Mckibbin Journal: Nutrients Date: 2022-06-21 Impact factor: 6.706
Authors: Janneke Verkaik-Kloosterman; Elly J M Buurma-Rethans; Arnold L M Dekkers; Caroline T M van Rossum Journal: Br J Nutr Date: 2017-05-18 Impact factor: 3.718