BACKGROUND: Information on the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in Africa is limited for crowded urban areas and for rural areas where the prevalence of malaria is high. METHODS: At referral facilities in rural western Kenya and a Nairobi slum, we collected nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swab specimens from patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) and from asymptomatic controls. Polymerase chain reaction assays were used for detection of viral pathogens. We calculated age-specific ratios of the odds of RSV detection among patients versus the odds among controls. Incidence was expressed as the number of episodes per 1000 person-years of observation. RESULTS: Between March 2007 and February 2011, RSV was detected in 501 of 4012 NP/OP swab specimens (12.5%) from children and adults in the rural site and in 321 of 2744 NP/OP swab specimens (11.7%) from those in the urban site. Among children aged <5 years, RSV was detected more commonly among rural children with SARI (odds ratio [OR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.3), urban children with SARI (OR, 8.5; 95% CI, 3.1-23.6), and urban children with ILI (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.2-9.6), compared with controls. The incidence of RSV disease was highest among infants with SARI aged <1 year (86.9 and 62.8 episodes per 1000 person-years of observation in rural and urban sites, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: An effective RSV vaccine would likely substantially reduce the burden of respiratory illness among children in rural and urban areas in Africa.
BACKGROUND: Information on the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in Africa is limited for crowded urban areas and for rural areas where the prevalence of malaria is high. METHODS: At referral facilities in rural western Kenya and a Nairobi slum, we collected nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swab specimens from patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) and from asymptomatic controls. Polymerase chain reaction assays were used for detection of viral pathogens. We calculated age-specific ratios of the odds of RSV detection among patients versus the odds among controls. Incidence was expressed as the number of episodes per 1000 person-years of observation. RESULTS: Between March 2007 and February 2011, RSV was detected in 501 of 4012 NP/OP swab specimens (12.5%) from children and adults in the rural site and in 321 of 2744 NP/OP swab specimens (11.7%) from those in the urban site. Among children aged <5 years, RSV was detected more commonly among rural children with SARI (odds ratio [OR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.3), urban children with SARI (OR, 8.5; 95% CI, 3.1-23.6), and urban children with ILI (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.2-9.6), compared with controls. The incidence of RSV disease was highest among infants with SARI aged <1 year (86.9 and 62.8 episodes per 1000 person-years of observation in rural and urban sites, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: An effective RSV vaccine would likely substantially reduce the burden of respiratory illness among children in rural and urban areas in Africa.
Authors: Robert Kyeyagalire; Stefano Tempia; Adam L Cohen; Adrian D Smith; Johanna M McAnerney; Veerle Dermaux-Msimang; Cheryl Cohen Journal: BMC Infect Dis Date: 2014-12-16 Impact factor: 3.090
Authors: Henry N Njuguna; Deborah L Caselton; Geoffrey O Arunga; Gideon O Emukule; Dennis K Kinyanjui; Rosalia M Kalani; Carl Kinkade; Phillip M Muthoka; Mark A Katz; Joshua A Mott Journal: BMC Med Inform Decis Mak Date: 2014-12-24 Impact factor: 2.796
Authors: Gideon O Emukule; Peter Spreeuwenberg; Sandra S Chaves; Joshua A Mott; Stefano Tempia; Godfrey Bigogo; Bryan Nyawanda; Amek Nyaguara; Marc-Alain Widdowson; Koos van der Velden; John W Paget Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-07-07 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Sonia Etenna Lekana-Douki; Dieudonné Nkoghe; Christian Drosten; Edgar Brice Ngoungou; Jan Felix Drexler; Eric M Leroy Journal: BMC Infect Dis Date: 2014-07-07 Impact factor: 3.090
Authors: Bryan O Nyawanda; Joshua A Mott; Henry N Njuguna; Lilian Mayieka; Sammy Khagayi; Reuben Onkoba; Caroline Makokha; Nancy A Otieno; Godfrey M Bigogo; Mark A Katz; Daniel R Feikin; Jennifer R Verani Journal: BMC Infect Dis Date: 2016-05-21 Impact factor: 3.090