Recent developments in crisis intervention and the promotion of support service.

A model of Primary Prevention is presented, based upon recent developments in the author's explorations, and upon the animal and human stress research literature. The main elements involve the multifactorial reverberation over time among past biopsychosocial hazards, individual competence, crisis reactions to current stress, and psychosocial supports. Methods of preventive intervention are described in detail. These include crisis methods: anticipatory guidance and preventive intervention; and support systems methods: providing and orchestrating professional support, convening a support group for a target individual, organizing a mutual-help couple, recruiting a panel of natural helpers, fostering development of mutual-help organizations, and supporting the supporters.