Trace element metabolism in the chemically diabetic rat.

It is well-established that the metabolism of essential trace metals is homeostatically controlled. However, the factors responsible for coordinating processes of absorption, excretion, and flux among and within tissues remain unknown. Using the streptozotocin-diabetic rat as a model, we have obtained information in support of the hypothesis that the relative amounts of insulin and glucagon in plasma have a marked influence on the metabolism of the micronutrients Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe. We have also found that alterations in trace metal metabolism during periods of acute stress (increased plasma glucagon to insulin ratio) are necessary for biochemical adaptation to the physiological state. Finally, we suggest that changes in the tissue distribution of these trace metals during periods of chronic endocrine imbalance may contribute to the onset of secondary complications.