Selectivity mechanisms in MscS-like channels: From structure to function.

The E. coli mechanosensitive (MS) channel of small conductance (EcMscS) is the prototype of a diverse family of channels present in all domains of life. While EcMscS has been extensively studied, recent developments show that MscS may display some characteristics not widely conserved in this protein subfamily. With numerous members now electrophysiologically characterized, this subfamily of channels displays a breadth of ion selectivity with both anion and cation selective members. The selectivity of these channels may be relatively weak in comparison to voltage-gated channels but their selectivity mechanisms represent great novelty. Recent studies have identified unexpected residues important for selectivity in these homologs revealing different selectivity mechanisms than those employed by voltage gated K(+), Na(+), Ca(2+) and Cl(-) channels whose selectivity filters are housed within their transmembrane pores. This commentary looks at what is currently known about MscS subfamily selectivity and begins to unravel the potential physiological relevance of these differences.