Primary prevention of HIV-1 infection among intravenous drug users.

Recent epidemiologic data underscore the importance of primary prevention programs for promoting behavioral change to reduce the risk of HIV-1 infection among intravenous drug users (IVDUs). Optimal allocation of prevention resources requires expansion of current serologic surveillance with increased attention to areas with relatively low infection levels. Comprehensive AIDS prevention strategies must provide support for abstinence and promote reductions in the sharing of contaminated injection equipment among IVDUs both in and out of drug treatment programs. Preliminary results from outreach programs in multiple sites suggest their efficacy in recruiting drug treatment entrants and promoting risk reduction.