Strategies of adherence promotion in the management of pediatric chronic conditions.

Children and families often have difficulty following prescribed medical treatment for chronic pediatric conditions. Such nonadherence has a significant impact on children's health care outcomes and the costs of their care. This review describes a comprehensive approach to increase treatment adherence in chronic pediatric illnesses and lessen its impact. Key elements of this proposed model of adherence promotion include the following: (1) a core approach to adherence promotion to be implemented by pediatric health care providers; (2) follow-up and ongoing management; and (3) tailoring and targeting specific more intensive family-centered interventions to children and adolescents who demonstrate clinically significant treatment nonadherence or risk for nonadherence. Behavioral specialists have important roles in conducting research on adherence promotion, training health care providers, and delivering services to children and adolescents with clinically significant adherence problems.