miR-663 induces castration-resistant prostate cancer transformation and predicts clinical recurrence.

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and its treatment are challenging issues in prostate cancer management. Here, we report that miR-663 is upregulated in CRPC tissues. Overexpression of miR-663 in prostate LNCaP cells promotes cell proliferation and invasion, neuroendocrine differentiation, and reduction in dihydrotestosterone-induced upregulation of prostate-specific antigen expression. Furthermore, results of in situ hybridization show that miR-663 expression is correlated with Gleason score and TNM stage and is an independent prognostic predictor of clinical recurrence. Together, these findings suggest that miR-663 is a potential oncomiR for CRPC and may serve as a tumor biomarker for the early diagnosis of CRPC.