Application of magnetic immobilized microorganisms : Ethanol production bySaccharomyces cerevisiae.

Magnetic calcium alginate yeast beads, made by incorporation of magnetite or colloidal magnetic liquid, Ferrofluidℳ, exhibited catalytic behavior similar to that of their nonmagnetic counterparts. The magnetic immobilized preparations' shortterm performance, long-term operational stability, and capacity forin situ activation were unaffected by the inclusion of magnetic material. The magnetic quality of the alginate beads provides manipulatory advantages.