BACKGROUND: Over the recent decades, the incidence of cardiovascular and heart diseases has decreased while levels of type-A behavior, i.e., a potential risk factor, appear to have increased. However, the long-term developmental patterns of type-A behavior is poorly understood. Both age- and cohort-related changes may be involved in these developments. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine an age- and cohort-related changes of Hunter-Wolf type-A behavior from adolescence to adulthood. METHODS: Type-A behavior and its components (aggressiveness, leadership, hard driving, and eagerness energy) were assessed using the Hunter-Wolf A-B rating scale at five time points (1983, 1986, 1989, 2001, and 2007) in a population-based sample consisting of six birth cohorts born between 1962 and 1977 (n = 3,341, a total of 10,506 person observations). Development of type-A behavior and its components was examined with cohort-sequential multilevel modeling. RESULTS: Aggressiveness decreased with age, eagerness energy, hard driving, and global type-A behavior increased, and leadership exhibited no mean level changes. Younger cohorts had higher aggressiveness, lower hard driving, and global type-A behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that in order to understand the health consequences of type-A behavior, both life span and societal changes should be considered.
BACKGROUND: Over the recent decades, the incidence of cardiovascular and heart diseases has decreased while levels of type-A behavior, i.e., a potential risk factor, appear to have increased. However, the long-term developmental patterns of type-A behavior is poorly understood. Both age- and cohort-related changes may be involved in these developments. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine an age- and cohort-related changes of Hunter-Wolf type-A behavior from adolescence to adulthood. METHODS: Type-A behavior and its components (aggressiveness, leadership, hard driving, and eagerness energy) were assessed using the Hunter-Wolf A-B rating scale at five time points (1983, 1986, 1989, 2001, and 2007) in a population-based sample consisting of six birth cohorts born between 1962 and 1977 (n = 3,341, a total of 10,506 person observations). Development of type-A behavior and its components was examined with cohort-sequential multilevel modeling. RESULTS:Aggressiveness decreased with age, eagerness energy, hard driving, and global type-A behavior increased, and leadership exhibited no mean level changes. Younger cohorts had higher aggressiveness, lower hard driving, and global type-A behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that in order to understand the health consequences of type-A behavior, both life span and societal changes should be considered.
Authors: Olli T Raitakari; Markus Juonala; Tapani Rönnemaa; Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen; Leena Räsänen; Matti Pietikäinen; Nina Hutri-Kähönen; Leena Taittonen; Eero Jokinen; Jukka Marniemi; Antti Jula; Risto Telama; Mika Kähönen; Terho Lehtimäki; Hans K Akerblom; Jorma S A Viikari Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2008-02-08 Impact factor: 7.196
Authors: Laura Pulkki-Råback; Marko Elovainio; Mika Kivimäki; Olli T Raitakari; Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen Journal: Health Psychol Date: 2005-05 Impact factor: 4.267
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Authors: R B Shekelle; S B Hulley; J D Neaton; J H Billings; N O Borhani; T A Gerace; D R Jacobs; N L Lasser; M B Mittlemark; J Stamler Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 1985-10 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Karolina Chilicka; Aleksandra M Rogowska; Renata Szyguła; Ewa Adamczyk Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-11-17 Impact factor: 3.390