Effects of prolonged epinephrine infusion on blood respiratory and acid-base states in the rainbow trout: Alpha and beta effects.

Rainbow trout were infused continuously for 12h with epinephrine in the presence or absence of alpha-and/or beta-adrenergic blockade to characterize the specific adrenergic mechanisms involved in the control of blood acid-base status and oxygen transport capacity. Infusion of epinephrine, alone, produced a transient respiratory acidosis, as indicated by an increase in carbon dioxide tension and a decrease in whole blood pH, yet arterial oxygen tension was elevated. Red blood cell pH increased by approximately 0.2 pH units during epinephrine infusion and this increase as well as the increase in oxygen tension were prevented by pretreatment with propranolol (a beta-adrenergic antagonist). Epinephrine infusion during alpha-adrenergic blockade caused a prolonged elevation of blood carbon dioxide tension and abolished the increases in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations observed during epinephrine infusion alone. Infusion of the alpha-adrenergic agonists phenylephrine (an alpha1 agonist) or clonidine (an alpha2 agonist) caused respiratory acidosis (decreased pH, increased CO2 tension) and a reduction in oxygen tension. Infusion of isoprenaline (a non-specific beta agonist) caused delayed increases in carbon dioxide and oxygen tensions. We speculate that the increased carbon dioxide tension observed during epinephrine infusion is a result of beta-adrenoceptor mediated inhibition of red blood cell bicarbonate dehydration and not branchial convective or diffusive adjustments. The effects of epinephrine on blood O2 tension, content and carrying capacity are discussed with reference to the participation of alpha- and beta-adrenergic mechanisms at the gill, spleen and red blood cell.