Jiajun Xu1, Mari Luntamo, Teija Kulmala, Per Ashorn, Yin Bun Cheung. 1. Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of Hong Kong, PR China (JX); the Department of International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland (ML, TK, PA, and YBC); the Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (TK); the Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (PA); and the Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore (YBC).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To monitor weight gain during pregnancy and assess its relation with perinatal health outcomes, both unconditional (cross-sectional) and conditional (longitudinal) standards of maternal weight are needed. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and validate unconditional and conditional maternal weight standards for use in Malawi, Africa. DESIGN: Longitudinal data were drawn from an antenatal care intervention study conducted in Malawi. Participants were selected for this analysis if they had a healthy profile defined by body mass index and infectious disease measures and delivered healthy singletons defined by birth weight, gestational age, and neonatal survival status. A total of 1733 measurements from 358 women were randomly split to form development and validation samples. RESULTS: Unconditional and conditional standards were developed and validated. An electronic spreadsheet implements the calculations. Weight gain during pregnancy was substantially slower in this cohort than the US Institute of Medicine recommendation. The percentiles increased linearly; therefore, the use of the conditional standards is robust to inaccuracy in gestational age estimates. CONCLUSION: The standards can facilitate researchers and clinicians to examine maternal weight and weight gain and estimate their associations with pregnancy outcomes in Malawi. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00131235.
BACKGROUND: To monitor weight gain during pregnancy and assess its relation with perinatal health outcomes, both unconditional (cross-sectional) and conditional (longitudinal) standards of maternal weight are needed. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and validate unconditional and conditional maternal weight standards for use in Malawi, Africa. DESIGN: Longitudinal data were drawn from an antenatal care intervention study conducted in Malawi. Participants were selected for this analysis if they had a healthy profile defined by body mass index and infectious disease measures and delivered healthy singletons defined by birth weight, gestational age, and neonatal survival status. A total of 1733 measurements from 358 women were randomly split to form development and validation samples. RESULTS: Unconditional and conditional standards were developed and validated. An electronic spreadsheet implements the calculations. Weight gain during pregnancy was substantially slower in this cohort than the US Institute of Medicine recommendation. The percentiles increased linearly; therefore, the use of the conditional standards is robust to inaccuracy in gestational age estimates. CONCLUSION: The standards can facilitate researchers and clinicians to examine maternal weight and weight gain and estimate their associations with pregnancy outcomes in Malawi. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00131235.
Authors: Corah O Ohadike; Leila Cheikh-Ismail; Eric O Ohuma; Francesca Giuliani; Deborah Bishop; Gilberto Kac; Fabien Puglia; Michael Maia-Schlüssel; Stephen H Kennedy; José Villar; Jane E Hirst Journal: Adv Nutr Date: 2016-03-15 Impact factor: 8.701
Authors: Jennifer A Hutcheon; Robert W Platt; Barbara Abrams; Katherine P Himes; Hyagriv N Simhan; Lisa M Bodnar Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) Date: 2015-03 Impact factor: 5.002
Authors: Lisa M Bodnar; Jennifer A Hutcheon; Sara M Parisi; Sarah J Pugh; Barbara Abrams Journal: Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol Date: 2014-12-10 Impact factor: 3.980
Authors: Ying Xu; Ngee Lek; Yin Bun Cheung; Arijit Biswas; Lin Lin Su; Kenneth Y C Kwek; George S H Yeo; Shu-E Soh; Seang-Mei Saw; Peter D Gluckman; Yap-Seng Chong Journal: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth Date: 2015-06-25 Impact factor: 3.007
Authors: Leila Cheikh Ismail; Deborah C Bishop; Ruyan Pang; Eric O Ohuma; Gilberto Kac; Barbara Abrams; Kathleen Rasmussen; Fernando C Barros; Jane E Hirst; Ann Lambert; Aris T Papageorghiou; William Stones; Yasmin A Jaffer; Douglas G Altman; J Alison Noble; Maria Rosa Giolito; Michael G Gravett; Manorama Purwar; Stephen H Kennedy; Zulfiqar A Bhutta; José Villar Journal: BMJ Date: 2016-02-29
Authors: Susana Santos; Iris Eekhout; Ellis Voerman; Romy Gaillard; Henrique Barros; Marie-Aline Charles; Leda Chatzi; Cécile Chevrier; George P Chrousos; Eva Corpeleijn; Nathalie Costet; Sarah Crozier; Myriam Doyon; Merete Eggesbø; Maria Pia Fantini; Sara Farchi; Francesco Forastiere; Luigi Gagliardi; Vagelis Georgiu; Keith M Godfrey; Davide Gori; Veit Grote; Wojciech Hanke; Irva Hertz-Picciotto; Barbara Heude; Marie-France Hivert; Daniel Hryhorczuk; Rae-Chi Huang; Hazel Inskip; Todd A Jusko; Anne M Karvonen; Berthold Koletzko; Leanne K Küpers; Hanna Lagström; Debbie A Lawlor; Irina Lehmann; Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa; Per Magnus; Renata Majewska; Johanna Mäkelä; Yannis Manios; Sheila W McDonald; Monique Mommers; Camilla S Morgen; George Moschonis; Ľubica Murínová; John Newnham; Ellen A Nohr; Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen; Emily Oken; Adriëtte J J M Oostvogels; Agnieszka Pac; Eleni Papadopoulou; Juha Pekkanen; Costanza Pizzi; Kinga Polanska; Daniela Porta; Lorenzo Richiardi; Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman; Nel Roeleveld; Loreto Santa-Marina; Ana C Santos; Henriette A Smit; Thorkild I A Sørensen; Marie Standl; Maggie Stanislawski; Camilla Stoltenberg; Elisabeth Thiering; Carel Thijs; Maties Torrent; Suzanne C Tough; Tomas Trnovec; Marleen M H J van Gelder; Lenie van Rossem; Andrea von Berg; Martine Vrijheid; Tanja G M Vrijkotte; Oleksandr Zvinchuk; Stef van Buuren; Vincent W V Jaddoe Journal: BMC Med Date: 2018-11-05 Impact factor: 11.150