Genomic DNA can be used with cationic methods for highly efficient transformation of maize protoplasts.

Efficient delivery of genomic DNA fragments to maize protoplasts was obtained by new methods using the polycation Polybrene or Lipofectin cationic liposomes. Stable kanamycin-resistant secondary transformants were recovered after transfection with genomic DNA from a maize cell line that had previously been tagged with the bacterial gene neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) in a first-round transformation. The frequency of secondary transformants with nptII-homologous DNA sequences was 3% or 6% of all randomly picked microcalli after Polybrene or Lipofectin-mediated transfection, respectively. Transformation with genomic DNA by these methods may allow easy transfer of uncloned genes encoding desirable characteristics to crop species that can be regenerated from protoplasts.