Phototropic fluence-response relations for Avena coleoptiles on a clinostat.

Phototropism of Avena sativa L. has been characterized using a clinostat to negate the gravitropic response. The kinetics for development of curvature was measured following induction by a single pulse of blue light (BL), five pulses of BL at 20-min intervals, and this same pulsed-light regime following a 2-h red light (RL) pre-irradiation. A final curvature of about 14° is expressed within 180 min following the single pulse; a final curvature of about 62° in about 240 min following five pulses without pre-irradiation; and a curvature of over 125° in 360 min following five pulses after the RL pre-irradiation. For seedlings not pre-irradiated, the final curvature to five pulses of BL at a total fluence of 9.4 pmol·cm(-2) increases with time of darkness between pulses up to 15 min; with seedlings pre-irradiated with RL, curvature increased more slowly with time of darkness between pulses to a maximum at 35 min. The final curvature induced by a constant fluence of 9.4 pmol·cm(-2) increases linearly with time between the first pulse and last pulse of a five-pulse sequence. The curvature induced by a single BL pulse with a 5-min RL co-irradiation increases with fluence to a maximum of about 60° at about 10 pmol·cm(-2), and then decreases to 0° at about 200 pmol·cm(-2). Curvature induced by five BL pulses following a 2-h RL pre-irradiation increased with fluence from a threshold of about 0.05 pmol·cm(-2) to a maximum of 90° at about 10 pmol·cm(-2), and then gradually decreased with fluence to 50° at 1 000 pmol·cm(-2). Based on these data, it is concluded that the initial photoproduct formed by a BL pulse has a limited lifetime, that there is a kinetic limitation "downstream" of the photoreceptor pigment for phototropism, and that the additivive effect of pulsed BL is distinct from the potentiating effect of RL on phototropism. Thus, any degree of curvature from 0° to over 90° may be induced by a fluence in the ascending arm of what is traditionally called the "first positive" phototropic response.