Current status and future prospects of toxicogenomics in drug discovery.

In drug discovery and development (DDD), the efficacy, safety and cost of new chemical entities are the main concerns of the pharmaceutical industry. Continuously updated and stricter recommendations imposed by regulatory authorities result in greater challenges being faced by the industry. Reliable high-throughput techniques integrated with well-designed analytical tools at all stages of DDD (termed 'next-generation DDD') could be a possible approach to obtaining new drug approval by cutting costs as well as ensuring the highest level of patient safety. In this review, we describe the various components of holistic toxicogenomics with examples of applications, and discuss the various analytical tools and platforms to illustrate the current status and prospects of next-generation DDD.