Humans' responses to novel stimulus compounds and the effects of training.

Twenty-four college students participated in an experiment with stimulus compounds. Subjects learned to discriminate color stimuli that correlated with varying probabilities of reinforcement. Reinforcement consisted of points. For all subjects, two colors signaled a .80 reinforcement probability, and two others signaled a .20 probability. For compound-trained subjects, a fifth compound stimulus (composed of a high-probability color and a low-probability color) was correlated with a .10 reinforcement probability. During testing, interspersed probe trials required subjects to choose between two alternatives: a compound stimulus and either one of its constituent stimuli. Compound-untrained subjects preferred the compound over either individual stimulus, thus showing response summation. However, compound-trained subjects, having had experience with an exemplar compound, showed significantly lower choice proportions for a test compound, indicating that subjects' responding to novel stimulus compounds is modifiable by experience with a single similar compound.